国外研究认为在IPO的询价发行机制下,机构投资者具有信息生产和价格发现的功能,首日抑价程度可由此被降低,且机构的持股有利于稳定IPO股票的后市运行。但本文通过事件研究发现:当锁定到期时,机构投资者的短期交易行为活跃;当法人配售IPO股份数量较大时,市场在上市初期和锁定到期时都会对解禁事件做出持续缓慢的负向反应。这意味着法人配售对IPO股票的后市运行没有起到良好的稳定作用。在承销商缺乏IPO股票分配权力且发行价格实际受到核准控制的背景下,机构投资者的价格发现功能受到限制,截面回归进一步证实中国IPO股票的需求曲线是向下方倾斜的,而锁定制度限制了上市初期可交易资产的数量,这将导致更高的上市初期交易价格。统计分析表明法人配售、锁定制度不能有效降低过高的首日抑价。

现有研究发现相比国有上市公司，民营上市公司具有更少的银行贷款、更短的债务期限结构，从而得出我国银行存在“金融歧视”的结论。但是，现有基于上市公司的研究无法排除债务融资是企业自主选择的结果，而不是“金融歧视”的结果的解释。本文以1996－2004年IPO公司上市前后的数据进行研究发现，上市前后不同所有制企业与债务融资之间的关系截然相反，而且上市显著的降低了所有企业的债务融资金额和长期债务的比重。综上，我们认为在民营上市公司这个特定的样本中并不存在来自银行的“金融歧视”，恰当的研究应当关注并不具备上市资格的中小民营企业是否面临“金融歧视”。

This paper investigates market effects associated with China Security Index 300 (CSI 300) reconstitutions with sample period from April 2005 to Feb 2008. Several findings are listed as followings: Firstly, cumulative abnormal returns for added stocks increase slightly after announcements, while the returns for removed stocks decrease significantly though reverse immediately after index reconstitutions. Considering the whole event period, prices for deletions do not fall dramatically; it’s consistent with asymmetric change of investors’ awareness proposed by H Chen et al (2004). Secondly, both the results of cumulative abnormal returns and volume ratios do not provide evidence to support price pressure hypothesis or index membership hypothesis. We attribute those results to few funds tracking stock indices exactly with the same components and weights as which in the underlying indices in emerging markets, i.e., enhanced index funds are more familiar. Thirdly, the percentage of the additions’ (or deletions’) shares held by funds is not affected obviously by CSI 300 reconstitutions. Finally, we examine index change effects due to IPO that frequently occur in emerging markets, and find that additions witness a full reversal after the first trading day.

IPO折价存在于世界各国的 IPO市场。有关 IPO 折价的研究是一个热点问题，包括折价存在性、差异性、折价的影响因素、折价形成的原因与预测等。中国股市的特殊性使 IPO上市股票的折价不但符合 IPO的普遍规律，而且具有很多独特的规律。本文结合有关折价原因的几种理论与假说(包括信息不对称、股权分配、投资者非理性等)，对中国股市 IPO 折价的存在性，不同市场、股票类型折价的差异性，以及造成这种差异的原因等进行了实证研究，并创造性地对承销商声誉的衡量、股市上升期与下降期的折价表现、同一企业 AB 股发行顺序对折价的影响等进行了研究。揭示了中国 IPO折价的存在性、股票市场的差异性及造成差异的原因，探索了股票一、二级市场的有机结合路径。对规范和完善 IPO市场定价机制，帮助监管者制定规则，引导投资者理性投资等有一定的指导意义。

We empirically examine the role of venture capital in VC-backed listed firms in Mainland China. It is found that the VC-backed firms experience higher underpricing as the investors in the second market are too optimistic about the prospect of the VC-backed firms, but not about the lower pricing in the primary market. In addition, the pre- and post-IPO operating performance of VC-backed firms are found to be significantly better than that of non VC-backed ones. The result supports the monitoring model. Meanwhile, there is no evidence to support the certification model. Furthermore, it is consistent with the grandstanding model proposed by Gompers that high-reputation VC-backed firms have a better post-IPO operating and market performance compared to low-reputation VC-backed ones.

Trading constraints with unspecified constraint horizon are imposed on the shares held by the state in the IPO of each listed firm in China Stock Market. In 2005, a so-called Split Share Structure Reform (also known as Division Reform) was launched in which the holders of restricted shares give up a proportion of their shares to purchase the right to terminate the trading constraint. From the size of the compensation, we infer the value of restricted shares and find that their price discounts are negatively affected by the restriction looseness captured by our proposed new multi-dimensional measure and positively affected by the bargaining power of the holders of freely-traded shares.

根据IPO价格异常 理论，在IPO过程中承销商与审计事务所均发挥着“鉴证”功能，而风险企业IPO过程中最为显著的特点便是其股东包括风险投资家这一特殊的金融中介组织。由于风险投资不仅仅是简单的资金投入，在投资过程中风险投资家还往往提供许多“增值服务”，再加上投资过程中独特的契约设计，因此风险投资是投资契约与产权制度的一种创新。那么IPO公司中风险投资家股东的列席对于公司IPO上市，具体的说对于风险企业IPO定价与IPO价格异常是否有影响？如果有，有何影响呢？其是否也存在着类似于承销商与审计事务所那样的“鉴证”功能呢？

经济衰退往往是一个打破常规、构建新秩序的时机，尽管现在低迷的情绪仍然笼罩着全球资本市场，但重大改变正在发生。1937年的大萧条，美国通过《格拉斯蒂格尔法》（Glass- Steagall Act），实现商业银行与投资银行（证券公司）之间的分业经营，加上《1934年证券交易法》的颁布和证券交易委员会（SEC）的成立，促进了美国企业直接融资市场的发展，大型企业摆脱商业银行的控制，纷纷在经济恢复后上市融资，直接确立了投资银行在美国资本市场的王者地位。 而2007年因次级贷款所引发的全球金融海啸正在重建资本市场的秩序，独立的投资银行不复存在，大量的投行业务（例如IPO承销、购并顾问）被正在崛起的巨型商业银行内部所吸收，基于资产的业务（例如资产证券化和衍生产品）正处于痛苦的“去杠杆化”过程。投行为产业界提供资本血液的功能正在被新兴的私募资本所取代。这些新兴的私募资本正为重组全球的产业结构贡献新聚合的金融资本与人力资本，从而在根本上改变全球金融市场的格局。 本文先从历史角度分析投行如何自掘坟墓、一步步走向穷途末路，私募资本如何兴起；然后在金融生态系统裂变的分析上，试图为读者勾勒出一幅全球金融市场的崭新图景。

This paper examines the role of earnings management in the underpricing and long-term performance of Chinese initial public offerings (IPOs) issued during the 1998-2003 period. It tests the earnings extrapolation hypothesis that naive investors extrapolate pre-issue earnings without fully adjusting for potential manipulation of accounting accruals, thereby inflating the initial trading price. If the hypothesis holds, underpricing will be positively related to initial earnings management. However, since the latter is subsequently corrected over time, it will lead to inferior long-term stock performance. The empirical evidence is consistent with both the earnings extrapolation and the long run underperformance hypotheses for our sample of 506 IPOs.

本文以沪深全部上市公司1990 -2004的IPO面饭数据，运用多元回归的方法，研究市场时机行为中I资本结构的影响及其持续性。研究发现，我国股市明显存在市场时机选择行为，并且对上市公司的资本主市构影响显著;公司的历史估值和杠杆水平之间具有显著的负相关性，历史估值得上升一个单位，将引起账面杠杆和市值扪柯:分别下降4.87和2.9个单位;进一步研究表明，中国上市公司市场时机对资本结构的影响咱可以持续5-8年。