We investigate the choice problem in the massive Chinese restructuring campaign that has been described as “grasping the large and letting go of the small,” in which a third of the million or so Chinese state-owned enterprises were either corporatized or privatized. Corporatization differs from privatization in the Chinese context, as in the former case the state remains a large shareholder, whereas in the latter case it has little or no ownership. Using a panel of provincial level statistics, we show that greater local employment pressure, less local fiscal pressure, and a more corrupt local business environment all lead to a lesser likelihood that privatization will be chosen over corporatization. Privatization is found to yield consistent efficiency gains over corporatization in terms of employment and firm profitability. Our evidence is supportive of the theoretical framework of Boycko, Shleifer, and Vishny (1996), who model privatization as an endogenous decision in which politicians trade off employment pressure against public fiscal interest.

终极所有权结构如何影响公司的债务期限结构是公司治理研究中的一个重要问题。以2003-2005年只发行A股的824家非金融上市公司的平衡面板数据为样本，通过随机效应模型实证检验终极所有权结构与债务期限结构之间的关系。总的说来，实证结果支持这样的结论：（1）终极控制股东的现金流权越大，掠夺的成本也越大，上市公司会使用更多的长期债务；（2）两权偏离度越大，债务融资的代理成本会越大，上市公司会使用更多的短期债务；（3）随着两权偏离度的增大，家族式终极控制股东对财务困境担心的壕沟效应会促使公司延长债务期限，使用更多的长期债务，而差的公司治理使得债权人仅愿意为政府终极控制的公司提供更多的短期债务。

保险业作为金融体系三大支柱之一，在低碳经济理念下如何找准自身定位，适应国策需求、服务低碳经济，这既是对保险业提出的一项严峻挑战，又是保险业加快自身建设和发展的一个难得机遇。

在宏观调控层面判断流动性是否合理的标准，主要取决于流动性是否能保证通货膨胀维系在合理水平（并以此促进经济增长）。由于经济发展的阶段不同，发达国家与发展中国家实际通胀率以及可容忍的通胀率可能都存在差异。流动性的波动较大，甚至受心理预期、投机等多种因素影响，往往难以预测。中国逐步“试错”的渐进性宏观调控方法具有较强的现实科学性和中国式哲学的逻辑性，甚至在传统货币政策理论方面，也有创新性的贡献。

近期国内外资产价格的快速上涨又一次引发了大家对货币政策和资产价格关系的热烈讨论。本文对有关重要理论和经典分析框架进行回顾，并对现实情况进行一些探讨。资产价格可以通过两种方式影响货币政策：资产价格既可以作为传导货币政策的途径，也可以是货币当局所使用信息的重要部分。我们用经典的Bordo－Jeanne理论框架分析了货币当局在资产价格膨胀时所面临的困境。然后我们以美国为例，用两种不同的实证方法探讨了美联储是否“真的”受到了资产价格波动的影响。最后我们还结合中国的现状进行分析。

文章结合美国与中国的证券市场的现实进行了对比分析，笔者发现近年来这两个市场中都存在着“失灵”现象，有着类似的表现形式，但是它们的成因却是不一样的：在美国股市存在的“失灵”是一种“市场失灵”，而处在新兴市场的中国股市在更大程度上是一种“政府失灵”。笔者针对这两种不同的“失灵”，提出了自己的政策建议。

目前国际社会关于此次金融危机成因和教训的讨论很多，尤其是二十国集团华盛顿金融峰会以来，各界已经对金融监管、国际金融组织体系、国际货币体系等方面的改革达成了一些共识。本文将主要从货币政策的角度，对危机前货币政策进行系统性回顾，反思金融危机前的货币政策，并对危机后的货币政策目标进行探讨。

本文对国际基金组织的宏观经济分析框架进行探讨。该分析框架主要包括四部门分析方法、CEGR汇率评估方法、债务可持续性分析、全球经济模型（GEM）等具体内容。从中可以体现出基金组织宏观经济分析中系统性的思维方式、市场化的基本理念以及用数据说话、注重实际调查、强调国别经济的比较研究等特点。在上述基础上，我们可看到其经济分析中面临着经济问题的政治化、技术工具的科学性以及政策建议的及时性等方面的挑战。最后，我们得出一些重要的启示与借鉴。

This paper examines the impact of idiosyncratic risk on the cross-section of weekly stock returns from 1963 to 2006. I use an exponential GARCH model to forecast expected idiosyncratic volatility and employ a combination of the size effect, value premium, return momentum and short-term reversal to measure relative mispricing. I ?find that stock returns monotonically increase in idiosyncratic risk for relatively undervalued stocks and monotonically decrease in idiosyncratic risk for relatively overvalued stocks. This phenomenon is robust to various subsamples and industries, and cannot be explained by risk factors or ?rm characteristics. Further, transaction costs, short-sale constraints and information uncertainty cannot account for the role of idiosyncratic risk. Overall, these ?findings are consistent with the limits of arbitrage arguments and demonstrate the importance of idiosyncratic risk as an arbitrage cost.

In China the number 8 is considered 'lucky' and the number 4 'unlucky'. This paper shows that almost twenty percent of the IPO prices for the Chinese domestic market (A-shares) end in the 'lucky' number 8 as compared to a little more than three percent ending in the 'unlucky’ number 4 (a ratio of almost six to one). It also documents that 'lucky' number combinations make up the ending two digits of more than ten percent of A-share price endings. This occurrence is far greater than expected by chance or by other theories that have explained price clustering in financial markets. We conclude that issuers of Chinese IPOs consciously choose to favour 'lucky' numbers when setting prices.