Using a proprietary dataset collected through a survey targeted to VC funds in Mainland China, we examine the impact of constructing VCs’ firms portfolio from industrial organization perspective on investment efficiency, portfolio size and structure of profit sharing. The results indicate that constructing VCs’ firms portfolio from industrial organization perspective improves investment efficiency because it reduces over investment and increases investment return. Moreover, it also further explains the disparities of VC’s portfolio size and structure of profit sharing between Mainland China and Western Countries. Additional tests provide evidence to suggest that the government assistance to VC industry has obvious political objectives in Mainland China.