We investigate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating novel alpha factors for option returns. Utilizing a structured prompt-engineering approach, LLMs like GPT-5 can directly create factors for two distinct options markets: the mature U.S. market and the emerging Chinese market. Empirical analysis further reveals that the LLM-generated factors exhibit remarkable and robust performance, delivering statistically signifcant returns in both all-sample and extensive out-of-sample tests. Beyond their statistical signifcance, such factors are economically meaningful. They display low self-correlation, indicating genuine innovation, and are grounded in sound economic rationale derived from market microstructure and behavioral fnance principles, showcasing a key advantage over traditional machine learning models.
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