实施新旧动能转换，深化供给侧结构性改革，培育新的经济结构，是实现经济持续健康发展的重要途径。商业银行，作为我国金融体系的主体力量，通过市场资金的流动，起到联通、协调不同行业发展的作用，在新旧动能转换过程中能够发挥重要的引导作用。但是在实际运行中商业银行信贷结构有待优化、风险管控能力有待提高、业务和产品创新能力面临考验等问题，制约着银行效能的发挥。如何找到银行经营与新旧动能转换的契合点,抢抓历史发展机遇，发展壮大自身，成为商业银行亟待解决的重要问题。

本文针对商业银行流动性风险国际监管框架的演变，探讨监管重点与流动性风险变化的互动关系，从而梳理出国际流动性风险监管的目的、手段和发展趋势，进而研究其对我国流动性风险监管实践的影响。 本文从分析商业银行流动性风险的成因入手，指出其根源是银行存款和贷款业务所形成的期限错配，因此这种风险是银行在经营活动中难以避免的。流动性风险区别于银行面临的其他风险的主要表现是其低频率、高损失的特点，这使得银行一旦面临流动性危机的打击就很难在短时间内恢复过来，所以必须引起银行管理层和监管机构的重视。从20世纪90年代起单一的流动性指标监管方法已经逐渐被综合的流动性风险管理体系所取代，但各国之间尚存在较大差异。 本文对次贷危机前美国、英国和东亚各国的流动性风险监管框架作了横向比较。经过比较后发现，在流动性风险监管体系中，存在两种不同的方法，即定性方法和定量方法。前者偏重在制度层面对银行进行指导以提高其流动性风险管理能力，而后者则偏重以硬性指标客观计量和评估流动性风险，两者互有优劣，不可偏废。相对来说，英美国家因为金融制度比较完善、人才水平较高，其监管机构以使用定性方法为主；而东亚各国由于金融发展水平较低，产品结构简单，从业人员水平参差不齐，所以更偏好使用定量方法。 当各国金融监管机构还在为如何在定性方法和定量方法之间进行取舍的时候，美国次贷危机和之后席卷全球的金融危机不期而至，这大大加快了流动性风险管理理念和监管实践的发展速度。作为次贷危机的受害者，本文深入分析了英国北岩银行（Northern Rock plc）的挤兑危机案例，对危机背景、银行的经营特点、事件经过和后续影响都作了较为细致的论述，并指出银行自身流动性风险管理不善是形成危机的主要原因，这表现在不合理的资产负债结构、期限错配、利率缺口以及内部控制的缺失。尽管北岩银行管理层对于流动性危机的发生负有不可推卸的责任，但是监管失败的教训同样发人深省，这间接促成了巴塞尔银行监管委员会（Basel Committee on Banking Supervision，以下简称巴塞尔委员会）制定后危机时代的流动性风险监督管理新框架。 本文回顾了历年巴塞尔委员会制定的流动性风险监管文件，将其大致分为次贷危机前和次贷危机后两大类。本文指出，巴塞尔委员会早期制定的流动性监管框架已经很难适应飞速发展的国际金融形势，面临诸多迫切需要解决的问题，包括融资渠道的变化、资产证券化、复杂金融工具的泛滥、抵押品的广泛应用、支付结算系统和日内流动性需求以及跨境资金流。在这些问题中，很大部分也同样存在于危机前的北岩银行，因此危机的爆发带有某种必然性。巴塞尔委员会在次贷危机后发布的《流动性风险管理和监督稳健原则》和《第三版巴塞尔协议：流动性风险计量、标准和监测的国际框架》奠定了第三版巴塞尔协议下国际流动性风险监管新框架的基石。前者制定的17项流动性风险监管新原则和后者引入的流动性覆盖率（Liquidity Coverage Ratio，简称LCR）和净稳定资金比例（Net Stable Funding Ratio，简称NSFR）两大指标分别从定性方法和定量方法两方面完善了现有的流动性风险监管框架，这也反映了未来国际流动性风险监管的趋势。 正如在本文开篇提到的，流动性风险是银行不可避免的风险，对于中国银行业来说，也不能置身事外。经过分析我国银行业的流动性风险现状，笔者认为我国银行的资产负债结构仍属传统，偏重以存款作为融资来源、以贷款作为盈利来源，因此长期流动性风险不容忽视而短期流动性风险尚属可控。同时，不同类型商业银行的流动性风险来源也有所不同。此外，国内银行的流动性风险管理水平也有待提高。与巴塞尔协议类似，在次贷危机前后，我国的流动性风险监管框架也有了质的飞跃，这主要归功于中国银监会颁布的《中国银行业实施新监管标准的指导意见》、《商业银行流动性风险管理指引》和《商业银行流动性风险管理办法（试行）》（征求意见稿）。这些法规系统性地借鉴巴塞尔委员会的先进经验，辅以本地化的监测工具，从而形成了兼顾定性方法和定量方法的有中国特色的流动性风险监督管理新框架。 本文最后指出，无论是定性方法还是定量方法，在流动性风险监管中都起着举足轻重的作用，两者不可偏废。监管机构在设计流动性风险监管框架并实施现场或非现场监管时，应灵活运用定性方法和定量方法并结合压力情景评估银行的流动性风险，这样才能全面有效地实施流动性风险监管，避免系统性的流动性危机。另外，本文还建议我国监管机构在本地化国际流动性风险监管框架方面做更多尝试。 With respect to the evolution of the international supervision framework for commercial bank’s liquidity risk, this article aims to discuss the interaction between the regulatory focuses and the diversification of liquidity risk, in order to sort out the purposes, approaches and development trends of the international supervision on liquidity risk and their impacts on China’s supervision practice of liquidity risk. In regard to the causes of commercial bank’s liquidity risk, this article points out that the mismatch of maturity between the bank’s deposits and loans is the fundamental reason. Such risk is inevitable when conducting banking business. The features of liquidity risk (i.e. low frequency but extremely severe) distinguish itself from other risks that the bank faces, which hinders the bank from a quick recovery after being stricken by a liquidity crisis. Therefore, both the bank management and the regulators must draw their attentions to it. From 1990s, the monitoring method of single indicator has been gradually replaced with the comprehensive liquidity risk management system. However, there are still big variances between different countries. This article compares the framework for liquidity risk supervision between the United States, the United Kingdom and the East Asian countries prior to the subprime mortgage crisis. It is noted after comparison that there are two different approaches in the liquidity risk supervision system, namely the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach. The former emphasizes improving the bank’s liquidity risk management skill by guiding the bank from governance perspective, while the latter prefers measuring and evaluating the liquidity risk by means of objective indicators. Each of these two approaches has its pros and cons that neither should be overemphasized at the expense of the other. Relatively speaking, the Anglo-American countries prefer qualitative approaches due to their mature financial system as well as professional practitioners. By contrast, East Asian countries rely on quantitative approach because of their under-developing financial system, simple product structure and less experienced practitioners. When the financial regulators in various countries were still wondering whether to adopt the qualitative approach or the quantitative approach, the subprime mortgage crisis occurred in the United States and thereafter became a global financial crisis. This crisis accelerated the development of the management theory and the supervision practice of liquidity risk. This article analyzes the bank run on Northern Rock plc (the Bank) in the United Kingdom, a victim of the subprime mortgage crisis, by elaborating the crisis background, the business features of the Bank, the incident course as well as the subsequent impacts. The major cause of the bank run was the Bank’s own mismanagement of its liquidity risk, which included unbalanced structure of assets and liabilities, maturity mismatch, interest rate gap and ineffective internal control as well. Although the management of the Bank bore the ultimate responsibility for this liquidity crisis, the lesson of the supervision failure was thought-provoking. It also indirectly led to the renewed framework for the post-crisis liquidity risk management and supervision by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the Basel Committee). This article reviews the historical documents of liquidity risk supervision that were formulated by the Basel Committee and divides them into two categories, i.e. before and after the subprime mortgage crisis. This article points out that the framework for liquidity risk supervision which was established by the Basel Committee at the early stage could no longer meet the rapid development of the international financial environment and faced many problems which need be solved urgently. These problems included the change of financing channels, asset securitization, misapplication of complex financial instruments, extensive use of collaterals, payment-settlement system, demand for intraday liquidity and cross-border cash flow. Northern Rock plc had most of these problems prior to its bank run crisis. Therefore, the crisis was with certain inevitability. After the subprime mortgage crisis, the Basel Committee issued “Principles for Sound Liquidity Risk Management and Supervision” and “Basel III: International Framework for Liquidity Risk Measurement, Standards and Monitoring” which laid the foundation of the renewed international framework for the liquidity risk supervision under Basel III. The former defines 17 new principles of liquidity risk supervision whilst the latter introduces two key indicators, i.e. the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). Both of the two foundational documents improve the existing framework for liquidity risk supervision from qualitative and quantitative aspects respectively. They also reflect the trends of international liquidity risk supervision. As mentioned at the beginning of this article, the liquidity risk is inevitable to all banks including the China’s banks. Based on the analysis of the status quo of the Chinese banks’ liquidity risk, the author draws the conclusion that the structures of assets and liabilities of the China’s banks are traditional, i.e. the deposits are the source of financing while the loans are the source of profit. Hence, their long-term liquidity risk cannot be ignored whilst their short-term liquidity risk is still under control. In addition, the liquidity risk management skills of the China’s banks need further improvement. Similar to the Basel Accord, the China Banking Regulatory Commission (the CBRC) promulgated “Guidance Opinions on the Implementation of the New Supervisory Standards of Basel III in China Banking Sector”, “Guidelines on Liquidity Risk Management for Commercial Banks” and “Administrative Measures on Liquidity Risk Management for Commercial Banks (Trial) (Draft for Consultation)” right after the subprime mortgage crisis, which made great improvement in the framework for liquidity risk supervision in China. By referring to the advanced experiences of the Basel Committee, together with the help of the localized monitoring tools, these regulations forms a new framework for liquidity risk management and supervision with Chinese characteristics which takes into account both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. Finally, this article reminds that both the qualitative and quantitative approaches play equally important roles in the field of liquidity risk supervision that neither of them is dispensable. When designing the framework for liquidity risk supervision and conducting the on-site or off-site inspections, the regulators should apply flexibility in the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches and attach importance to the stress scenarios to assess the bank’s liquidity risk. By this means, comprehensive and effective supervision on liquidity risk can be achieved to prevent systemic liquidity crisis. Furthermore, it is suggested that the domestic regulators should make more efforts to localize the international framework for liquidity risk supervision.

微博等新媒体的兴起标志着我国已经进入社会化媒体的时代。社会化媒体时代的显著特点就是每个人都拥有舆论制造与传播的条件，这给商业银行的舆情管理工作提出了全新的挑战。如何应对社会化媒体时代的舆情环境，及时发现和预警各类舆情危机，借助新媒体树立商业银行形象，成为银行舆情管理的新课题。本文深入分析了社会化媒体时代舆情环境的变化与舆情危机的特点，并提出了商业银行应对舆情危机时应采取的策略。

本文综合运用规模弹性、范围经济系数等指标，对我国14家代表性商业银行进行了实证分析，并以此来评价我国商业银行当前的发展状况。我们发现中国各种规模的银行都具有扩大规模和混业经营的空间。并且，小银行在规模经济方面更具有比较优势，大银行在范围经济方面更具有比较优势。这个结论与西方许多现存文献的观点不太一致。因此，我们提出，我国大小规模的银行都可以根据自己的经济实力进行混业经营，但小银行更应着重进行银行之间的合并或收购以扩大其规模。

房地产价格在近年来经历了快速上涨，并且近期有加速之势。本文通过对绝对价格、房价收入比和房价租金比等指标分析得出目前房地产泡沫已处于凝聚阶段的结论。为保持宏观经济稳定增长，央行释放了过于充沛的流动性，这在未来必将引起通货膨胀，而随着人口红利的逐渐减弱直至消失，中国经济的增长速度减缓也成为大概率事件。在这种背景下，房地产泡沫虽不会立即破裂，但所凝聚的中长期风险已不容忽视。商业银行应该从自身的资金安全角度出发，制定审慎稳健的信贷政策。

文章通过对中美两国商业银行实际利差的比较， 发现我国商业银行的实际利差显著低于美国，并且分析了其中的原因。除了银行经营方面的因素外，监管因素、政策方向、资本市场发展程度以及金融环境等诸因素均是导致我国银行实际利差低于美国的原因。同时，文章分析了当前中国法定利差与实际利差存在的合理性，认为实际利差应不断提高，而法定利差短期内已趋于稳定，长期来看，法定利差终将消失。

本文以4家国有商业银行和10家股份制商业银行作为样本，运用计量模型对1994-2005年间中国商业银行效率的结构性影响因素进行实证分析。认为产权结构和市场结构共同决定中国商业银行的效率。同时发现竞争程度和基础业务能力对中国商业银行效率有影响，预算约束和金融创新对中国商业银行效率的影响不显著。因此，中国商业银行提高效率的途径是注重产权结构和公司治理改革，加速体制创新和机制创新，加大金融产品与服务创新力度，适当扩大中国商业银行尤其是股份制银行的规模，保持银行业适度集中度，并注重健全金融法律制度、重塑银行组织架构和业务流程、加强全面风险管理，这将有助于提高中国商业银行效率。

随着全球经济的发展，商业银行的业务创新已成为国际银行业发展的重要内容。在金融创新的实践过程中产生了前所未有的新工具、新技术和新市场，这在很大程度上革新了传统的业务活动和经营方式，改变了金融总量和结构，促进了金融和经济的快速发展。基于业务创新在金融创新中所处的核心地位，本文侧重于对我国商业银行业务创新问题进行探讨。

城市商业银行是我国金融市场一只不可忽视的力量，由于近几年城市商业银行的规范不断扩大，为满足资本充足率8%的最低监管要求，许多城市商业银行面临增资扩股的现实需要，同时增资扩股也是增强城市商业银行抗风险能力，维护我国金融稳定的必然要求。如何从法律的角度规范城市商业银行的增资扩股行为，并依法进行监管是摆在银行监管部门面前的重要课题，本文希望对此问题作一些探讨。

垫付诉讼费是商业银行为了实现自身的债权，维护自身合法权益而向人民法院提起诉讼，依照有关规定向法院预交的案件受理费、公告费、诉讼保全费、鉴定费、执行申请费、评估费及其他诉讼费用。商业银行作为提起诉讼的当事人，近年来垫付诉讼费逐年呈增长态势，且居高不下，因此，随着对非生息资产清理的深入，垫付诉讼费问题以成为商业银行一个值得关注的焦点。为了降低垫付诉讼费的损失，加强垫付诉讼费的管理，本文结合实际情况，对垫付诉讼管理的现状和存在的问题进行分析，并就如何加强垫付诉讼费的管理提出对策。