本文基于LASSO-VAR模型，使用A股全行业各股票近11年1分钟级高频数据，结合网络分析方法，从全样本和滚动窗口的视角分析房地产及其上下游行业的风险冲击及传染，测度“房住不炒”和“三道红线”两种不同力度的房地产调控政策的影响。研究发现：（1）在全样本期间，房地产的系统重要性较高，且扮演着“风险传出者”的角色。（2）“三道红线”的调控效果远高于“房住不炒”。（3）“三道红线”政策过于严格，对行业发展产生了负面影响。（4）房地产在受到紧缩性政策冲击后，风险会立刻向下游行业传递，而上游行业约4个月后才受到冲击。最后，结合房地产行业的特殊性，对房地产调控政策力度提出了相应的建议。

This paper studies the transmission of monetary policy to the stock market through investors’ discount factors. To isolate this channel, we investigate the effect of US monetary policy surprises on the ratio of prices of the same stock listed simultaneously in Hong Kong and Mainland China, and thereby control for revisions in cash-flow expectations. We find this channel to be strong and asymmetric, with the effect driven by surprise monetary policy interest rate cuts. A 100 basis point surprise cut results in a 30 basis point increase in the ratio of stock prices over 5 days. These results suggest significant slow-moving reductions in stock market risk premia following accommodating monetary policy surprises.

This paper reconciles the debates on carbon return estimation by introducing the concept of equity duration. We demonstrate that emission level and emission intensity yield divergent results for green firms, driven by inherent data problems. Our findings reveal that equity duration effectively captures the multifaceted effects of carbon transition risks. Regardless of whether carbon transition risks are measured by emission level or emission intensity, brown firms earn lower returns than green firms when the equity duration is long. This relationship reverses for short-duration firms. Our analysis underscores the pivotal role of carbon transitions’ multifaceted effects on cash flow structures in understanding the pricing of carbon emissions.

Using iterative experiments to uncover causal links between critical policy details and outcomes helps to optimize policy design. This paper studies a large-scale staged fiscal stimulus program conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which a provincial government in China disbursed digital coupons to 8.4 million individual accounts in consecutive waves and updated the program design each time. We find that ruling out unproductive program features leads to a pattern of increasing treatment effects over the waves and that program design matters more than the size of the fiscal stimulus in boosting spending. Our results show that (i) general coupons with no constraints on where the vouchers can be redeemed are more effective than specialized coupons in stimulating consumption in the targeted sectors; (ii) coupon packets with fewer denominations and shorter redemption windows tend to be more effective; and (iii) low-income residents and non-local residents are equally or even more responsive to the coupon program than other groups. Our results illustrate that generating variations in iterative policy experiments, combined with a timely assessment of individuals’ responses to marginal incentives, optimizes program design.

非金融企业是我国私募股权基金重要的有限合伙人（Limited Partner，LP）。本文利用清科数据库2000-2022年LP基金层面的样本数据，实证研究企业LP与非企业LP、不同类型企业LP在投资行为与投资绩效方面的差异。研究发现，在投资行为方面，相比金融背景 LP，企业 LP 会联合更多的 LP 一起投资、更偏好 CVC 基金、合作的基金管理人（General Partner，GP）的经验相对不足，投资经验丰富的企业LP所合作的GP的经验更为丰富。而在投资绩效方面，企业 LP 的绩效显著低于金融背景和其他背景LP。进一步研究发现，相比民营企业LP，国资企业LP更倾向于和国资企业LP、国资GP合作，且国资企业LP的投资绩效没有显著高于民营企业LP的绩效。而相比非高技术企业LP，高技术企业LP 更倾向于投资聚焦于本行业的基金，且高技术企业 LP 所投基金的内部收益率和投资回报倍数显著高于非高技术企业LP，但高技术企业LP所投基金的退出比例和IPO比例较低。本文扩展了私募股权LP研究的视角，研究成果有助于GP和初创企业更好地了解企业LP的投资诉求，从而提升投融资效率，并为培育耐心资本提供理论依据。

In order to clarify the effect and mechanism of servitization level and digital transformation on the performance of listed sporting goods manufacturing enterprises in China, the index of the degree of digital transformation is constructed based on the data of 31 sporting goods manufacturing enterprises listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares and the New OTC Market in China, taking the proportion of service business income in enterprise operating income as the index of servitization level, by analyzing the semantic expression of national policy related to digital economy and collecting "digital" category keywords in enterprise annual report with the help of crawler technology, then, the influence of servitization level and digital transformation on enterprise performance is discussed, and whether digital transformation plays a moderating effect between servitization and enterprise performance is tested. The results show that the servitization level suppresses the performance of listed sporting goods manufacturing enterprises, and there is a "Servitization Paradox" phenomenon. The degree of digital transformation has a positive U-shaped impact on enterprise performance, and at the same time, digital transformation has a weak positive moderating effect on servitization level and enterprise performance.

Using data from Chinese A-share listed firms from 2015 to 2022, we employ a difference-indifferences model to empirically examine the impact of bankruptcy regimes, marked by the establishment of bankruptcy courts, on firms’ total factor productivity (TFP). The results show a significant decline in TFP among firms in regions following the establishment of bankruptcy courts. This finding remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism tests reveal that establishing bankruptcy courts increases firms’ risk aversion incentives by endowing creditors with excessive rights. Consequently, firms tend to reduce liabilities, curtail R&D investment, and accumulate liquid assets as coping measures, ultimately contributing to a decline in TFP. Furthermore, this effect is more pronounced for firms with high financial risk. However, the improvement of the market mechanism can alleviate the negative impact of bankruptcy courts excessively strengthening creditor protection. Specifically, when firms are located in regions with weak government intervention and strong financial development, as well as in market environments with low uncertainty and strong competition, this negative impact can be mitigated. These findings provide fresh insights into the dual nature of creditor protection and offer valuable references for governments to improve the bankruptcy legal system.

Using subsidiary-level data of 3,863 Chinese nonfinancial listed firms, we find their capital expenditures increase with foreign sales, and the difference arises from the investments of the firms’ foreign subsidiaries. We show that the foreign sales-foreign investment association becomes more sensitive when the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) increases in the domestic market. However, foreign EPU does not play such a significant role. We provide one possible explanation that due to global diversification, MNEs can hedge foreign EPU using their international subsidiary network, resulting in the overall investments unchanged. However, given China’s tight regulatory capital controls, the MNEs may be less able to hedge the domestic EPU, so that they reallocate investments from the domestic markets to the foreign markets, consistent with the transaction cost assumption underlying the real options theory. Robust tests show that access to foreign capital, profitability and institutional factors have little explanatory power over the MNEs’ foreign investment.

This study investigates the impact of non-controlling shareholders' network on corporate excess goodwill using Chinese publicly listed companies from 2007 to 2020. We find that a stronger centrality of non-controlling shareholders' network leads to a significant decrease in excess goodwill resulting from mergers and acquisitions. This implies that the non-controlling shareholders’ network has a significant inhibitory effect on the occurrence of goodwill bubbles. Mechanism analysis finds that non-controlling shareholders' network can inhibit excess goodwill thorough information effect, resource effect, and governance effect. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect is attributed to pressure-resistant institutional investors and individual investors, and is more pronounced in firms located in less developed intermediary market and legal system environment, as well as firms with lower audit quality. In summary, the non-controlling shareholders' network plays a positive role in curbing excess goodwill in listed companies.

我国共同基金市场的规模在近十年急速扩张，而对于基金经理和基金管理公司谁是决定基金业绩的重要因素的问题仍存争议。本文基于1998-2021年的共同基金、基金经理和基金管理公司数据，采用Abowd, Kramarz, and Margolis （AKM）提出的方法和Mover Dummy Variable（MDV）方法，利用移动者提供的流动性，分离识别了基金经理（人才）和基金管理公司（平台）的固定效应。研究发现在决定基金业绩方面，人才比平台更重要，且重要至少9倍。在不同市场环境中，熊市中人才变得更加重要。在基金类型方面，相对于股票型基金，债券型和混合型基金受人才的影响更大。根据业绩分层，在业绩较好的基金中，人才较平台更为重要，而在业绩较差的基金中，平台的重要性相对提高。通过分析不同跳槽方向的基金经理，发现研究结论不受人才与平台之间依据业绩和业绩差异匹配的影响。本文的研究结论对基金从业者、基金管理公司和投资者在选择平台、人才、基金等方面均有指导意义。