中国式现代化建设科技创新是关键，科技金融为促进科技创新高质量发展提供了有力支撑。本文基于2013—2022年省级面板数据，构建科技金融、科技创新高质量发展综合指标体系，检验科技金融对科技创新高质量发展的影响。实证结果表明，科技金融能通过实质性创新、可持续性创新以及协同性创新三个维度，显著促进科技创新高质量发展，且该促进作用表现出地区及投入异质性。一方面，科技金融对东、西部地区科技创新高质量发展作用明显；另一方面，来自科技资本市场、企业的科技金融投入对科技创新高质量发展有更为显著推动作用。利用不同稳健性检验方法、科技和金融结合试点政策等内生性检验方法的回归结果仍然支持该结论。

本文的目的是建立刻画区块链生态系统行为表现的 “共识博弈” (Consensus Game) 的一般框架，并针对 “矿池间隔博弈 ” \ (Mining Pool Gap Game）的 “共识均衡” \ (Consensus Equilibria) 的存在性进行刻画和解读，然后通过共识博弈这个新概念来建立和解释区块链平台本身的稳定性在挖矿间隔行为出现的 情况下在基于共识均衡存在的这个意义上的正面回答。这里，“间隔博弈”\ (Gap Game) 所在的区块链生态是指基于中本聪\ （Nakamoto) 在\ 2008 年提出的 “工作量证明” 作为基本的共识原则的挖矿平台。特别地，本文首先在一般激励机制条件下，基于区块链生态中的共识博弈框架，对挖矿间隔行为可能出现的情况下，建立了在一般激励相容机制条件下的共识均衡点的存在性结果和对应区块链生态能够持续运转的稳定性解读书, 然后结合在 “挖（币）矿” \ (Mining Bitcoin）工作中涉及到的工作费用、奖励机制和挖矿能力这三类主要因素，从挖矿工（组）收益的角度, 针对不同嵌入场景对挖矿工（组）的 “间隔博弈行为” \（Gap Game Behavior) 对可能产生的影响进行了解读和分析。本文的理论结果和案例分析表明，结合不同挖矿场景相合适的激励相容机制， 共识博弈（均衡）这个概念可以在理论的层面（即，不需要情景数据模拟结果的支持），能够得到或形成针对不同场景下的挖矿行为的解释和解读。此外，我们有理由期待和相信，结合影响挖矿（组）收益相关的要素因子，共识博弈可以帮助我们构建对应的合适场景的激励相容机制，通过刻画挖矿工（组）出现的诸如 “间隔行为”, “分叉链”, “矿池攻击” 等（不良)行为，支撑数字经济的健康发展, 并对共识经济学基础理论的发展能够起到推进作用。

This study investigates the relationship between trade policy uncertainty (TPU) and market diversification with risk-averse firms. We build a model to demonstrate how a risk-averse firm diversifies risks stemming from escalating TPU through entering new markets whose trade policies are negatively correlated with ones in its already-entered markets. The positive effect of TPU on market diversification is moderated if the firm has lower risk hedging ability and/or is less risk-averse. Conditional on the TPU in the already-entered markets, there is an inverted-U relationship between TPU in the new market and the probability of entering it. Using a unique firm-product-level dataset on Chinese exporters, we find robust evidence supporting our theoretical predictions.

ESG评级作为ESG相关的研究和决策的数据基础，存在着诸多不足。其中之一便是ESG评级分歧，即不同评级机构对同一家被评级企业给出的ESG评级存在较大差异。本研究以ESG评级分歧对债务成本的影响为例，提出了分析ESG评级分歧影响的理论解释和实证方法的框架。 理论上，本文提出ESG评级分歧会让市场认为企业没有规范透明的披露ESG信息，其真实ESG表现偏离ESG评级所代表的水平的风险更高，市场会对该风险要求一个溢价。在实证上，首先利用我国A股上市公司的ESG评级数据，在控制了ESG评级均值、评级机构数量、以及其他企业特征之后，我们发现ESG评级的标准差上升会导致企业债务成本上升。第二， 我们利用政策冲击解决内生性。香港交易所在2018年进行了改革，增加了ESG披露的规范性，我们用A股企业是否同时在香港上市和是否在2018年以后的交乘项作为ESG评级分歧的工具变量，发现结论仍然成立。第三，在控制代表了评级机构构成的一个交乘类别变量之后，此时评级分歧对债务成本的影响仍然存在，且相比基准分析变化很小。这表明本文的发现与评级机构的构成关系不大，而主要来源在于企业自身ESG披露规范性的差异。第四，我们发现企业向市场发出规范披露信号时，该影响变弱。当企业的ESG披露经过第三方鉴证或者是符合GRI标准时，评级分歧对债务成本的影响都大为减少。 本研究的发现具有重要的政策意义。首先本研究发现企业信息披露规范程度越高，该评级分歧对企业融资的负面影响就越低。因此，企业自身可以通过改善ESG信息披露的规范性和透明程度，来削弱这种负面影响。另一方面，利用政策冲击的分析表明，监管可以加强对ESG信息披露规范程度的强制要求，减少市场对不规范披露带来的ESG实际表现背离评级表现的担忧。 本研究对ESG评级分歧的影响提供了理论解释和实证检验的框架，为该领域后续的研究提供了参考。

In the era of digital economy, although the production (labor) tools of enterprises are digitalized, intelligent, and networked, and new characteristics and scenarios have emerged in enterprise operation and labor methods, the human capital possessed by workers has become the driving force for the sustainable development of entrepreneurial enterprises. Workers who master digital technology play a decisive role in the sustainable and healthy development of entrepreneurial enterprises. The article points out that in the era of digital economy, human capital is a key factor for economic growth and development. In the fields of mixed ownership and private economy, the employment system will gradually "retire", and modern partnership systems will prevail; The modern partnership system can motivate partners to collaborate and innovate, which is an upgrade of the manager system; The article briefly introduces the advantages and disadvantages of the dual ownership structure and the dynamic equity distribution mechanism of start-up companies; And the achievements made by Xiaomi Group, Huawei Company, and Midea Group in implementing a business partnership system.

The improvement of production efficiency and changes in business models brought about by the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy have become an important driving force for industrial transformation and upgrading. This paper expounds the necessity of digital transformation of manufacturing industry and its path selection. The important role of industrial Internet and Internet platforms is pointed out, and the characteristics of industrial Internet platforms such as Midea Group and Siemens MindSphere and their effects on industrial transformation are analyzed. Enterprises should vigorously promote the deep integration of big data, the Internet, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchain and the real economy, accelerate the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry, and inject new impetus into the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.

防范化解金融风险是金融工作的永恒主题。为维护金融稳定，国务院金融稳定发展委员会鼓励长期机构投资者增加持股比例。如何认识机构投资者长期持股对金融稳定的影响及其机制呢？基于此，本文以2012-2018年所有的股票型基金和混合型基金披露的每半年度股票资产组合为研究对象，考察机构投资者长期持股特征及其作用机制。研究发现：（1）机构投资者长期持股具有较低的业绩敏感性、较低的股价同步性且与未来盈余正相关。（2）在股市异常波动期间的下跌阶段，投资者持股期限与股票价格下跌成反比，即机构投资者持股时间越长（换手率越小），越能缓解股票价格的下跌。这说明机构投资者长期持股能够显著地稳定金融市场。而在反弹阶段，机构投资者持股期限与股票价格反弹成正比，机构投资者持股时间越长（换手率越小），越能促使股票价格的反弹，进而促进公司价值回归。（3）机构投资者长期持股稳定金融的机制在于有效地缓解了市场抛售压力。进一步研究发现，机构投资者长期持股能够降低金融市场波动；具有丰富投资经验的基金经理，有助于机构投资者采取长期持股行为，这对促进机构投资者长期持股具有一定的政策意义。

Using the Boehmer, Jones, Zhang, and Zhang (2021) algorithm, we identify a broad swath of marketable retail investor orders in the U.S. market during the pandemic. The marketable retail trading volumes rapidly rise from $325 billion in 2019 to $852 billion at mid-2020, and stay high for the next two years. The retail order flows positively predict cross-sectional returns over various horizons, and are associated with wider future effective spreads and higher future volatilities, as well as less market participations by high frequency traders and short-sellers. We find supportive evidence for informed and uninformed retail hypotheses.

The goal of this paper is to discuss how we establish the “Hammer (CAFÉ) Credit System” by applying Gibbs sampling algorithm under the framework of bigdata approach to extract features in depicting bad or illegal behaviors by following the “five step principle” applying international credit rating standards. In particular, we will show that our Hammer (CAFÉ) Credit System is able to resolve three problems of the current credit rating market in China which rate: “1) the rating is falsely high; 2) the differentiation of credit rating grades is insufficient; and 3) the poor performance of predicting early warning and related issues”. In addition the Hammer (CAFÉ) credit is supported by clearly defining the "BBB" as the basic investment level with annualized rate of default probability in accordance with international standards in the practice of financial industries, and the credit transition matrix for “AAA-A” to “CCC-C” credit grades.

基于分析师个体层面的盈利预测数据和 Baker(2016)构建的经济政策不确 定性指数，本文发现经济政策不确定性降低了分析师盈余预测精确度，并且这种影响会持续 到未来 6 个月。在中长期，分析师盈余预测精确度反而得到了提高，这一效应与不确定性的 OHA 效应相一致。当经济政策不确定性升高时，即使分析师出于“保守主义”更谨慎地进行 负向的盈利预测修正，但仍然会低估不确定性对企业经营的影响，导致预测乐观偏差。此外， 企业对经济政策不确定性的敏感度越高，分析师对所预测企业的盈余预测精确度越低，这种 敏感度的差异与企业的资产可逆性和抗风险能力相关。而分析师的相对信息优势能有效缓解 经济政策不确定性的负面影响。以上结论在进行一系列稳健性检验和内生性检验后仍然成 立。本文从资本市场信息中介的角度丰富了经济政策不确定性的影响效应研究。