〈外汇Q值原理〉学术成果摘要 外汇Q值是根据：本币、外币、物价、汇率的内在联系，而提出的一种新的外汇理论。该理论较合理地解释了现代金融危机：现代金融危机是货币的内外价值严重失衡，相互矛盾的结果，具体表现为具有方向性的通货膨胀。Q值公式能对现代金融危机进行计算、度量和预测，人们可据此采取有效的防治措施。 外汇Q值理论与现行的国际借贷说、购买力平价说、利率平价说相比，具有很大的理论优势和一些不可替代的长处。 外汇Q值理论能在任何时期，任意时段，真实地反映物价和汇率，理 论数据与实际情况完全一致。而上述的几种理论，有时候理论与实际偏离很远，甚至会出现无法解释的情况。 外汇Q值与其它很多重要经济数据成，正、负函数相关关系。如：进 出口额、失业率、产业结构、物价水平、出口利润、进口成本、货币供给、货币需求、通货膨胀率、利率变化、汇率变化……。是研究现代经济的有力工具。而上述与之相比的几种理论，很难实现和以上这些经济数据的函数联系 金本位制度下有一条重要的法则，即：两国汇率变化超越一定的值，黄金就会在两国之间流动，人们称这个值为黄金输送点，黄金输送点本身就是一项单项外汇q值的具体值，现代信用货币的外汇Q值，没有了黄金流动的约束，变化幅度更大，更复杂，对经济影响更强烈，更广泛罢了。 2001年，我撰写完成了《外汇Q值原理》一文，经专家推荐入编〈中国当代思想宝库〉一书。第三卷429页。2003年被“中国首界教育创新论坛”评为优秀论文一等奖。至今国内、国外有多种文献和书籍将该文编入出版。 作者：耿达明 宅电：0732―8524925 湖南省湘潭市岳塘区东泗路138号202 邮编：411104 E－mail: xtddma@sina.com

In the increasingly competitive global financial world, Customer relationship Management (CRM) has played an increasingly important role in financial service industry that can help China State-owned Commercial Bank establish a unique long-term relationship with their customers. The paper is trying to a pilot study; aims to find out how CRM increasing customer relationships and profitability in China State-owned Commercial Bank, and the feasible solution of the key problem in China State-owned Bank. It is necessary to identify the Chinese customers’ perceptions regarding CRM practice, and the main issue Chinese State-owned Commercial Bank properties, and then propose strategies accordingly. Main finding in this dissertation is that CRM can give China State-owned Commercial Bank a valuable and competitive resource?understanding customer behavior, improving customer service. CRM is a new technology to meet the requirements of the consumer financial services market in China. CRM can help China State-owned Commercial Bank know organization’s target marketing, customers tend, and finding good valuable customer. The benefit for China State-owned Commercial Bank driving CRM is to fit highest-value customers to fulfill their business benefit.

本文首先建立两部门内生增长开放经济的动态模型，然后在此基础上将其发展为一个中国加入世贸组织的不可逆性决策的随机微分数学模型。通过求出该随机问题的最优解，从而得出中国加入世贸的最佳时机，同时也讨论了加快或减慢中国入世的相关因素。 This paper develops a simple theoretical open economy model to analysis the irreversible decision of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). From the optimal solution of a stochastic differential equation based on the option theory in financial economics, it derived the optimal timing for China’s entry into the WTO and discussed what factors that may speed up or slow down the entry.

This paper answers the following question posed by Richard Roll: Should one work less, or perhaps retire early, if her stock portfolio performs well? We show that in a standard life-cycle model the answer to both questions is yes. We solve explicitly for the endogenous retirement time and labor supply. We nd that human capital acts like a portfolio of European put options on stock. The agent's labor choice can be characterized by four regions (categorized according to the nancial wealth of the agent at a given time): retire, vacation, work, and work-forever. We show that for a constant wage when the agent's stock performs well, she will work less and retire earlier. We also nd that poorer people (those whose stock returns are worse) should 1)-invest less of their wealth in stock, and 2)-borrow heavily when their stock does badly. We nd that the conditional volatility of labor income is hump-shaped as a function of the stock price. An agent will invest fewer dollars in the stock market when she has no future labor income.

This paper points out that all of the Technological Property Exchange (TPE)in China has become a major channel that venture capital is invested in enterprises, and the asymmetric information between the transaction of the technological property is an essential characteristic, so the transaction instruments at present are not suited for objective reality. Then on the basis of theoretical analysis, a conclusion is arrived at that the TPE should innovate its transaction instruments, and new transaction instruments, as investment option and preferred stock, should be adopted and the feasibility is analyzed.

The methods of tax avoidance in common used by the multinational company in China are discussed; the causes of the multinational corporation’s tax avoidance are analyzed. On one hand, some special tax treatment on the foreign investor should be canceled, and the rules of anti-avoidance of tax should be made in China but also the foreign tax management should be strengthened, the basic informational construction should be improved, And the government should improve the system of tax collection. On the other hand, the international exchange and corporation on ant-avoidance of tax should be developed; singing the bilateral and multilateral tax agreement may solve some problems of tax avoidance.

The Financial Services Authority (FSA) has gained some useful experience from a single financial services regulator in the UK. It reflects the outcome of a long process of gradual change in the regulation of Britain’s financial sector. The process of regulatory change was itself motivated by, and was at times a catalyst for, more fundamental changes in the structure of the regulated industry. Thus to understand the policy background to the Act it is necessary to understand the processes of both industry and regulatory change extending back over several decades.

In this paper, the author observes a stationary volume/price pattern, while studying the relationship between volume and price through the amount of transaction in stock market. The probability of accumulated trading volume (actual supply/demand volume) that distributes over its price range gradually emerges the maximum around the price mean value in a transaction body system when it takes a longer trading time regardless of its price fluctuation path or time series in the time interval. The volume/price behaves a probability wave toward an actual supply/demand equilibrium price, forced by a linear central actual supply/demand potential. In terms of physics, the author establishes a transaction (actual supply/demand) energy hypothesis, defines a measurable actual supply/demand restoring force, derives a time-independent security transaction (actual supply/demand) probability wave differential equation, and obtains an explicit volume/price distribution function, the distribution of absolute zero-order Bessel eigenfunctions, in a stable transaction body system when its supply/demand is in a dynamic state. By fitting and testing the function with intraday real transaction volume/price distributions on a considerable number of individual stocks in Shanghai 180 Index, the author demonstrates its validation at this early stage, and attempts to offer a micro and dynamic actual supply/demand volume/price wave theory. JEL classification: G12; D50; C51; C52

This paper intuitively examines the dynamic behavior of two highly relevant interest rates in China. The first one is the government rate, which is decided and published by the central bank and can be simulated by pure jump process. Estimation of the jump intension is given out. And by different robustness test, it keeps stable. The jump size has met the condition to make interest rate within reasonable bounds and shows some meaning of economic cycle behavior. The second one is the market rate, which is estimated by spline approximation based on the transaction data of government bonds. Several models, including Vasicek model, Vasicek-GARCH (1,1) model, CIR model, and CIR-GARCH(1,1), are empirically tested and the best performance is done by the Vasicek-GARCH(1,1) model. Furthermore, the estimate bias problem due to the near unit root process is tested and evidenced by both traditional methods and GPH test. Impact of government rate on market rate is finally checked and analyzed.

Abstract: This paper is mainly to achieve two aims: 1. present industry analysis on investment banking business; 2. value Goldman Sachs stock through different methods. The paper is consisted of eight parts. Part one is introduction. In part two we make a general review on I-banking industry. In part three we present the profile of Goldman Sachs Group. Then in part four we will analyse GS financial data, based on its latest annual reports. In part five, we will briefly list business risks for GS. In part six we compare fundamental valuation ratios of three biggest investment banks. In part seven we present relevant valuation theory and then value Goldman Sachs stock through three methods: Dividend Discount Model, Price multiples and a simple Residual Income Model. As a final step, in the eighth part we draw a general conclusion of the paper.