This paper investigates the free cash flow productivity of SOEs compared with non-SOEs and examines its possible determinants. We find that SOEs have slightly weak free cash flow productivity but significantly stronger than non-SOEs. Similar performance exists among commercial class I and II SOEs and public-benefit SOEs. Further analyses suggest that firm size, age, sales growth, ownership concentration, government subsidies, and industry monopoly factors cannot explain this phenomenon. The common driver for all types of SOEs to generate stronger free cash flows than non-SOEs is their stronger expense control capability.

The rapid development of the digital economy is driving profound changes in production methods, lifestyles, and corporate governance. Human society has entered a new era where digital technology is rapidly advancing and playing an important role. In the era of digital economy, although the production (labor) tools of enterprises are digitized, intelligent, and networked, and new characteristics and scenarios have emerged in the operation and labor methods of enterprises, the human capital possessed by workers has become the driving force for the sustainable development of entrepreneurial enterprises. Workers who master digital technology play a decisive role in the sustainable and healthy development of entrepreneurial enterprises. The article briefly introduces the establishment and development of human capital theory, pointing out that in the digital economy era, human capital has greater potential for appreciation, and its marginal returns show a trend of increasing; Human capital is a key factor in economic growth and development. The surplus of producers in an enterprise refers to the income that producers receive in excess of their production costs. The owners of human resources should receive a portion of the investment return that should belong to human capital from the enterprise in the form of "producer equity", "labor stock", or equity incentives in proportion. Equity incentives have become an important corporate governance mechanism in the capital market. The article also elaborates on the modern partnership system, which can motivate partners to collaborate and innovate, and is an upgrade of the manager system; Briefly introduced the achievements made by Xiaomi Group and Huawei in implementing the business partner system.

Using the regression discontinuity design, a quasi-experiment approach, this paper establishes a causal relationship between the down payment requirement and house prices by exploiting a unique institutional background in Shanghai. In the unique setting, the required minimal down payment ratio jumps at the Inner Ring, a circular elevated highway, from 50% to 70% for a large group of buyers. With transaction level data from the largest real estate broker in Shanghai, we find that a lower required down payment ratio increases the apartment price by 138.8 thousand RMB, around 3.71% of the average transaction price.

Government subsidies are often used to stimulate environment-friendly investment. We find that Chinese firms reduce green investment as the uncertainty of subsidies rises. This effect is identified from weather-driven fluctuations in air pollution that lead to fluctuations in subsidy allocations: Firms in cities where weather-driven subsidy uncertainty is high engage in less green R&D investment, patent applications, and research staff. Industries that are heavy emitters and those focused on environmental technologies are more affected. The results suggest that policy uncertainty may originate not only from political and macroeconomic shocks but from behavioral mechanisms that link policy to salient recent conditions.

The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) rolled out in China from 2003-2008 provided insurance to 800 million rural Chinese. We combine aggregate mortality data with individual survey data, and identify the impact of the NCMS from program rollout and heterogeneity across areas in their rural share. We find that there was a significant decline in aggregate mortality, with the program saving more than one million lives per year at its peak, and explaining 78% of the entire increase in life expectancy in China over this period. We confirm these mortality effects using micro-data on mortality, other health outcomes, and utilization.

Using data on Chinese firms with the unique state ownership structure of stateowned enterprises (SOEs), we examine whether institutional investors can help reduce the required returns on equity for SOEs or non-SOEs, and if so, the underlying channels. We find that an increase in the shareholdings of institutions, especially independent institutions, can reduce the required returns. This effect is more prominent in non-SOEs than in SOEs, indicating that state ownership may limit the effect by which institutional investors reduce the required returns. In addition, institutional investors promote corporate social responsibility in invested firms and may thereby reduce the required returns on equity.

This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between Chinese local government debt and house prices by proposing the land channel as a novel explanatory framework. We construct a three-sector equilibrium model and demonstrate that local government debt positively affects house prices through both direct and indirect effects, with the indirect effect operating through the land market. However, the land use efficiency mitigates the positive effect of government debt on land and house prices within indirect effect. These propositions are empirically confirmed using a panel dataset of 260 cities in China from 2011 to 2019.

This study investigates the influence of mobile payment application use on crime rates. Using a unique database of verdicts from criminal courts in China and an index measuring the extent of mobile payment usage, we find that a one standard deviation increase in mobile payment adoption and usage leads to an 11% decrease in the theft rate. Furthermore, the effect of widespread mobile payment adoption on theft rates is more pronounced in areas characterized by a higher prevalence of cash transactions. These findings suggest that the decrease in cash circulation in society due to mobile payment use can reduce incentives for theft. However, we do not find evidence linking mobile payment usage to other types of criminal activity, including robbery, arson, brawling, homicide, and serious injury by vehicle.

In this paper, we examine the prediction performance using a principal component analysis (PCA). In particular, we perform a PCA to identify significant factors (principal components) and then use these factors to form predictions of stock price movements. We apply this strategy on the Chinese stock markets. Using data from January 2, 2019 till September 16, 2021, the empirical results show substantial out-performances from the PCA-based predictions against a naïve buy-and-hold strategy and also single time-series predictions of individual stocks. Next we examine if the factors retrieved from PCA are indeed important contributing factors in explaining stock price movements. To do this, we adopt a machine learning technique popular in studying stock performances – random forest. We discover that, comparing to widely used descriptive factors such as industry sector, geographical location, and market types (known as “board” or “ban” in Mandarin), principal components rank very highly among those descriptive factors.

We examine the effect of a regulation in China that restricts perquisite consumption by managers of state-owned companies. We find that the regulation causes state-owned companies to issue more entrusted loans to other firms. Furthermore, entrusted loans issued by state-owned companies have lower interest rates and larger loan amounts. These results suggest that managers of state-owned companies use entrusted loans to extract personal benefits to compensate for the lost perquisite consumption due to the regulation.