This paper examines the impact of Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) ownership on corporate earnings management. We find that ETF ownership is associated with a significant reduction in earnings management, and this result remains robust across a wide range of endogeneity tests and robustness checks. Further analyses reveal that ETFs exert a pronounced mitigating effect on sales manipulation, production manipulation, and expense manipulation. Mechanism tests indicate that ETFs curb earnings management by improving stock liquidity and strengthening external monitoring. We also find that the influence of ETFs is stronger in private firms, in firms with lower information transparency, and in firms with CEO duality, suggesting that ETFs serve as a more prominent external governance force when internal governance mechanisms are relatively weak. Overall, this study enriches the literature on the economic consequences of ETFs and provides new empirical evidence that financial innovation in emerging markets can help alleviate the information risk faced by investors.

Compared to previous literature on external FinTech, this paper is more interested in the role played by bank FinTech. Based on panel data from Chinese commercial banks spanning 2010 to 2021, this paper investigates the impact of digital transformation on bank soundness and its potential mechanisms. The empirical findings demonstrate a positive association between digital transformation and bank soundness, driven primarily by strategic and management digitization. Mechanistic analysis indicates that digital transformation improves bank soundness by mitigating risk-taking behavior and promoting diversification. The positive effect of digital transformation is more pronounced in state-owned and joint-stock banks, banks with higher liquidity mismatch as well as in sub-samples with greater levels in external FinTech development and economic policies uncertainty. Additional analysis suggests that digital transformation can still enhance bank soundness even in the presence of relatively easy monetary and macroprudential policies, highlighting the harmonization and complementarity between internal innovation from digital transformation and external regulatory policies in maintaining banking stability. Overall, this paper contributes to the literature on bank FinTech, factors influencing bank stability. And it also provides a novel explanation for the relationship between financial innovation and financial stability.

In the era of digital economy, innovation in industrial chain and supply chain is an important part of industrial transformation and upgrading, and also an inevitable choice for enterprises to win competitive advantages. The competition between enterprises is not only about products and services, but also about the industry chain, supply chain, and value chain; The autonomy and controllability of the supply chain and its management level determine the quality of enterprise operation and development. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Midea Group's intelligent supply chain management, discusses the supply chain financial characteristics of Haier, Sany Group and Xiaomi, and confirms the importance of industrial chain and supply chain Financial innovation for high-quality development of manufacturing industry. Pointing out the necessity and feasibility of digital technology empowering innovation in logistics and supply chain management, smart supply chain is the guarantee for large-scale personalized customization, and supply chain finance plays an important role in the development of industrial clusters.

Financial repression—regulating interest rates below the laissez-faire equilibrium—has historically impeded investment in developing economies. In China, bank deposits were long subject to binding interest rate caps. Using transaction and local penetration data from a leading FinTech payment company, we study the FinTech’s introduction of a money market fund (MMF) with deposit-like withdrawal features but uncapped interest rates aids in interest rate liberalization. In aggregate, MMF assets grow rapidly, and banks whose deposit base was more exposed to the payment app see greater outflows. These outflows are concentrated in household demand deposits, for which the MMF is the closest substitute. Contrary to regulator concerns, exposed bank profitability does not decline. Rather, exposed banks invest more in financial innovation and are more likely to launch competing funds with similar features. Our results highlight how FinTech competition stimulates interest rate liberalization among traditional banks by introducing competition for funding.

Gunnar Myrdal, a Nobel Laureate in Economics, noted in his book <The Challenge of World Poverty--A World Anti-Poverty Program in Outline> that" Social inequality is clearly connected with the position, and it may best defined as the extreme lack of social mobility and the serious hamper on the possibility of free competition", " Social and economic inequality is a major cause of poverty in a country. From the perspective of planning, this means that greater equality is the prerequisite to make a country out of poverty".? Establishing a financial innovation mechanism that can meet the needs of the poor and achieving the equal status of the poor on capital gain can alleviate or even eradicate poverty. This paper describes a financial mechanism through which the poor can sell their own income rights to obtain funds for self-development so that they can get out of poverty status and an idea about establishing income rights trading markets.

We present a model in which informational economies of scope that provide a cost advantage to universal banks oering “one-stop” shopping for lending and underwriting services also enable these intermediaries to “lock in” their clients’ subsequent business. This (limited) market power of universal banks reduces their incentive, relative to that of investment banks, to undertake costly eort in underwriting their clients’ securities. The consequent reduction in firms’ likelihood of successful security issues with universal bank underwriters prevents these intermediaries from using their scope economies to completely dominate their markets. Our analysis identifies economy, intermediary, and firm characteristics that motivate either the integration or segmentation of underwriting and bank lending. Our results also have implications for financial innovation and capital market development in markets characterized by the integration of financial services. Some of our empirical implications have not been tested; others can be compared with findings in Kroszner and Rajan (1994).

Although bank loans themselves are somewhat illiquid because of private information, most of their cashflows are not. Recent financial innovations allow commercial loans to be liquefied via credit derivatives and actual and synthetic securitizations. The loan originating bank holds the remaining illiquid tranche containing the concentrated credit risk, private information rent and the “excess spread” that incentivize the bank to continue to monitor and service the loans. Empirically, we find that the average size of the residual tranche is about 3%, which reflects the size of the “market determined capital” necessary to support the liquefaction. The liquefaction of bank loans makes possible a banking system that restricts the guaranteed accounts to be backed by 100% reserves and the non-guaranteed deposits to be backed by liquid securitized loan tranches, while retaining the deposit-lending synergy. Such a system is perfectly safe without deposit insurance and it renders banks bankruptcy-remote without sacrificing a bank’s traditional role as a financial intermediary.

中文摘要： 随着我国与世界各国经济往来的日益密切和国际金融的不断泛化，我国将逐渐融入国际金融市场的大环境。一些原本不为我们所熟识的金融衍生产品将逐渐影响并改变我们的经济生活。外汇按金交易作为80年代全球金融创新年代的新锐产品，首当其冲受到业内人士的普遍关注。随着中国外汇管理政策改革的进一步深化，推出衍生品交易时机已经成熟，按金交易也将应运而生。 English Abstract: With the closer relationship between China and foreign countries in the world and the further development of the international financial business, China will be gradually involved in the international financial market on a wide range. Some of the financial derivatives that we were not familiar with are going to make great influence and bring a lot changes in our economic life. As the new and great product in the world financial innovation activities, The Leveraged Foreign Exchange without no doubt will be the focus of the professional people in the banking industry and financial regulating sectors. Since the rules of the SAFE have changed a lot, the right time for the entering into foreign exchange market of financial derivatives becomes available. Thus, it is possible to remove the prohibition of The leveraged Foreign Exchange.

Although bank loans themselves are somewhat illiquid because of private information, most of their cashflows are not. Recent financial innovations allow commercial loans to be liquefied via credit derivatives and actual and synthetic securitizations. The loan originating bank holds the remaining illiquid tranche containing the concentrated credit risk, private information rent and the “excess spread” that incentivize the bank to continue to monitor and service the loans. Empirically, we find that the average size of the residual tranche is about 3%, which reflects the size of the “market determined capital” necessary to support the liquefaction. The liquefaction of bank loans makes possible a banking system that restricts the guaranteed accounts to be backed by 100% reserves and the non-guaranteed deposits to be backed by liquid securitized loan tranches, while retaining the deposit-lending synergy. Such a system is perfectly safe without deposit insurance and it renders banks bankruptcy-remote without sacrificing a bank’s traditional role as a financial intermediary.