西方租售比、房价收入比模型在中国房地产市场长期存在适用性缺陷。本文立足宏观审慎监管视角，构建以 "套" 为计价单位、名义 GDP 增速与商品房整体交易率为双锚的 CMH 估值模型。依托 2000—2025 年官方公开数据，采用样本内拟合与样本外预测双重验证范式，精准识别房地产周期拐点并验证 CMH 收敛速率定律。本文确立双向宏观审慎阈值体系：以 0.60 作为防过热预警线，以 "交易率 1.0%+ 估值 0.40" 作为防过冷预警线，形成 "估值锚定上限、交易率监测底线" 的核心监测规则。实证结果表明，CMH 模型可作为房地产逆周期调控的量化工具，为落实 "房住不炒" 定位、实现市场平稳健康运行提供可复现的决策依据。

中国工业发展的空间分化态势持续加剧，资金供给能力与企业经营 决策的异质性是驱动区域非均衡发展的核心变量。本文基于 2016—2025 年 290 座地级市平衡面板数据，统一规上工业统计口径，引入综合能耗、税收总 额与出口交货值作为传导变量，构建双重面板门槛模型识别资金能力与经营意 愿的临界阈值，搭建全域城市工业发展九类型诊断工具。研究表明：规上工业 存贷比存在 0.54、0.72 两道结构性门槛，资金流动活跃度存在 0.76、0.94 两道行为性门槛，共同界定工业承压、平稳运行与效益跃升三个发展区间；以 投资强度、营业利润率为双被解释变量的模型拟合优度分别达 0.829、0.831， 核心变量均通过 1% 显著性检验。剔除 25.45% 估算样本后，核心门槛值波动 小于 0.02，结论保持稳健。依托资金 — 意愿二维组合划分的九类城市，其人 均 GDP、一般公共预算收入与规上工业税收呈现严格逐档递增特征，同一资金 档位内经营意愿每提升一档，城市 GDP 全国排名平均前移 15—25 位，且存在 显著的空间俱乐部趋同现象。内生性、空间溢出与安慰剂检验均支持因果推 断。本文构建的标准化诊断工具可为国土空间产业布局优化与区域协同发展提 供量化决策依据。

Following the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government elevated the construction of ecological civilization to a central position within national strategy and introduced environmental governance indicators as mandatory criteria for evaluating officials, alongside GDP. These indicators served as an additional "threshold" for performance assessments. In the context of changes in the central government's development ideology and policies, this study utilizes matched data on the turnover of municipal party secretaries and local enterprise carbon emissions from 293 prefecture-level cities in China between 1990 and 2021. The research finds that turnovers of municipal party secretaries after the 18th National Congress have led to a significant reduction in carbon emissions from local enterprises, a trend that was not evident prior to the congress. This effect is more pronounced in situations where official turnover is primarily driven by promotion incentives, and less influenced by collusive behavior between the government and enterprises. Further analysis reveals that the decline in carbon emissions is more significant for private enterprises, non-heavy polluting enterprises, those located in the eastern region, and those in general prefecture-level cities, before and after municipal party secretary turnovers. This study enhances understanding of the relationship between the promotion incentives of Chinese officials and the carbon emissions of local enterprises, offering valuable insights for improving the official promotion assessment system and advancing local carbon reduction efforts.

In the late 1980s, Mexico opened itself to international trade and foreign investment, followed in the early 1990s by China. China and Mexico are still the two countries characterized as middle-income by the World Bank with the highest levels of merchandise exports. Although their measures of openness have been comparable, these two countries have had sharply different economic performances: China has achieved spectacular growth, whereas Mexico’s growth has been disappointingly modest. In this article, we extend the analysis of Kehoe and Ruhl (2010) to account for the differences in these experiences. We show that China opened its economy while it was still achieving rapid growth from shifting employment out of agriculture and into manufacturing while Mexico opened long after its comparable phase of structural transformation. China is only now catching up with Mexico in terms of GDP per working-age person, and it still lags behind in terms of the fraction of its population engaged in agriculture. Furthermore, we argue that China has been able to move up a ladder of quality and technological sophistication in the composition of its exports and production, while Mexico seems to be stuck exporting a fixed set of products to its North American neighbors.

Suzhou and Shenzhen are among the top cities in China by GDP, and both have performed exceedingly well in terms of cultivating technological industries and attracting foreign investment. This is in spite of the fact that neither city is a provincial capital nor a centrally administered city like Shanghai and Beijing. Yet, the two cities embody very different administrative models with respect to their relationship with the provincial and central governments. Shenzhen, in particular, has a closer relationship with the central government than almost any non-centrally administered city in China, whereas Suzhou is a city that remains closely in coordination with the provincial government even as its economy has grown by leaps and bounds. This begs the question of which city's model will prevail moving forward: the Shenzhen model, typified by "re-centralization" of power, or the Suzhou model, which represents more of the conventional regional decentralization model that has been prevalent in China since the 1980s. The article attempts to argue that even though Shenzhen is of pivotal importance to the central government's policies, it will remain an outlier for the time being so as to avoid disturbing the delicate balance between the central and provincial governments, barring an unforeseen economic or political crisis.

This paper investigates the contribution of futures market information to enhancing the predictive accuracy of macroeconomic forecasts, using data from China. We employ three cat-egories of predictors: monthly macroeconomic factors, daily commodity futures factors, and daily financial futures variables. Principal component analysis is applied to extract key fac-tors from large data sets of monthly macroeconomic indicators and daily commodity futures contracts. To address the challenge of mixed sampling frequencies, these predictors are incor-porated into factor-MIDAS models for both nowcasting and long-term forecasting of critical macroeconomic variables. The empirical results indicate that financial futures data provide modest improvements in forecasting secondary and tertiary GDP, whereas commodity futures factors significantly improve the accuracy of PPI forecasts. Interestingly, for PMI forecast-ing, models relying exclusively on futures market data, without incorporating macroeconomic factors, achieve superior predictive performance. Our findings underscore the significance of futures market information as a valuable input to macroeconomic forecasting.

Local financial development is crucial for advancing regional financial supply side structural reform, enabling local governments to leverage financial instruments to effectively mobilize land resources and foster competitive growth. The introduction of numerous financial products linked to land-related rights and interests has resulted in a pronounced transmission and interconnection of fiscal and financial risks across regions. This study examines the impact of local financial development on land financialization in China using panel data from prefecture-level cities and detailed information on land mortgages. The findings indicate that the establishment of city commercial banks (CCBs) contributes to the progress of land financialization by incentivizing local government financing vehicles to participate in land mortgage financing, increasing the transfer of debt risks to the financial sector. Notably, the impact of CCBs on land financialization is more pronounced in regions with urban agglomeration, high GDP manipulation, inadequate local financial regulation, and robust implicit government guarantees. Further analysis reveals that CCB establishment has negative spillover effects on land financialization in neighboring areas, while expansion strategies such as establishing intercity branches, engaging in cross-regional mergers, and relaxing regulations have mitigated the rise of land financialization at the regional level. This study provides policy recommendations that focus on reducing local governments’ reliance on land financing and enhancing the prevention and management of financial risks.

We document a positive investment premium in the Chinese market, in contrast to the typical negative investment premium in other markets. The premium only exists when we measure investment by quarterly asset growth, not annual asset growth. A positive premium can be attributed to the fact that quarterly asset growth positively predicts future profitability and GDP growth in the Chinese market, whereas both relationships are negative in the U.S. market. Furthermore, Chinese firms have shorter operating cycles compared to those in the U.S., which explains why quarter data is more valuable.

The study of interconnections between various sectors of the national economy is crucial for understanding the pattern and pace of macroeconomic growth. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic impact of shocks occurring in specific sectors through both supply and demand perspectives and proposes a combination of bottom-up and top-down structural path analysis approaches to trace the transmission path of network spillover effects, where shocks in this paper refer to microeconomic productivity changes and network spillover is defined as the effect on GDP due to the propagation of shocks to other sectors. The research results found that the total spillover effect of primary and secondary industry sectors in China shows an inverted U-shape, and the total spillover effect of tertiary industry sectors shows an upward trend. A large total spillover effect of a sector does not mean that both upward and downward spillover effects are large; for example, the construction industry has high upward spillover effects and low downward spillover effects. The spillover effect of each production layer decreases as the path lengthens, and the distribution is Lshaped.In addition, by identifying the critical paths of spillover effects, we find that the spillover effects of labor-intensive industries, such as wholesale and retail, are decreasing year by year, and the spillover effects of the paths related to the information technology industry are gradually occupying an important position.

This research analyses the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on China's economy, examining the divergent epidemic prevention policies used by local governments. Empirical evidence highlights that the emergence of COVID-19 cases correlates with a 1.13% reduction in quarterly GDP growth. However, when a city's secretary maintains an informal ties with the provincial secretary, GDP growth remains resilient. Analyzing micro-level data, we observe that city secretaries with informal ties tend to enact flexible anti-contagion measures. This flexibility stems from a decreased likelihood of reprimand for virus transmission. Such shields exclusively manifests when incumbent provincial secretaries share informal ties with central leadership. This underscores the interplay of political networks in shaping localized economic responses.