本文基于2011-2022年城市层面与A股上市公司数据，采用多维面板固定效应模型与双重差分法（DID），系统考察了国外技术引进对企业数字化转型的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，国外技术引进通过技术转移基地的设立显著促进了企业数字化转型，且这一结果在控制了企业特征与城市特征后依然稳健。技术溢出效应是数字化转型的重要中介路径，国外技术引进通过提升数字经济领域专利授权量推动了企业数字化转型，但对专利申请的影响较小。异质性分析表明，国外技术引进对国有企业、参与国际贸易企业以及融资约束较小企业的促进作用更为显著；高技术制造业企业比中低技术制造业企业更易从技术引进中获益，而服务业企业的数字化转型受技术引进的影响较小。城市异质性分析显示，非省会城市、内陆城市以及新基础设施较发达城市的技术引进对企业数字化转型的促进作用更为显著。本文的研究为理解企业数字化转型过程中，国外技术引进的作用提供了经验证据，同时也为相关政策制定提供了重要参考。

本文以2011—2023年A股市场存续的全部股票型ETF基金为样本，基于多期双重差分法（DID）识别流动性服务业务引入对ETF跟踪误差的影响效应。研究发现，引入流动性服务机制可显著降低ETF的跟踪误差，该结论在通过了一系列稳健性检验。机制检验表明，流动性服务商激励改善与市场交易条件优化是跟踪误差降低的主要传导路径，机构投资者比例提升进一步强化流动性服务的政策效应。异质性分析显示，优化复制策略、宽基指数ETF与中小规模产品受益更为显著。进一步研究发现，该机制显著改善了流动性基础薄弱ETF的跟踪误差，缓解了市场“马太效应”。本文从制度演变的视角系统揭示了ETF市场流动性服务机制的微观传导与结构性影响，为提升ETF基金运行质量与健全ETF市场功能提供了实证支持与政策启示。

本文以沪深港通交易制度实施为准自然实验，选取2011-2023年沪深A股上市公司数据，探究金融开放对企业产品竞争力的影响机制。研究发现：（1）沪深港通交易制度的实施显著提升了企业的产品竞争力，此结论经过一系列稳健性检验后仍成立；（2）机制检验表明，沪深港通交易制度主要通过两条路径来提升企业产品竞争力，一是竞争压力倒逼效应，推动企业实施产品差异化战略和提升创新能力，重塑竞争优势。二是资源配置效应，通过优化人力资本结构，改善融资环境和拓展出口渠道，帮助企业实现要素升级，进而增强产品竞争力；（3）异质性检验发现，政策效果在资本密集型行业、盈利能力低及环境信息披露质量低样本中更为显著。本文丰富了金融开放对企业影响的实证研究，为党的二十大提出的“推进高水平制度型开放”提供了微观证据。

Why do firms appoint expired independent directors? How do expired independent directors affect corporate governance and thus impact investment decisions? By taking advantage of the sharp increase in expired independent directors’ re-employment in China caused by exogenous regulatory shocks, Rule No. 18 and Regulation 11, this paper adopts a PSM-DID design to test the impact of expired independent directors on CSR performance. We find that firms experience a significant decrease in CSR performance after re-hiring expired independent directors and the effect is stronger for CSR components mostly related to internal governance. The results of robustness tests show that the main results are robust to alternative measures of CSR performance, an extended sample period, alternative control groups, year-by-year PSM method, and a staggered DID model regarding Rule No. 18 as a staggered quasi-natural experiment. We address the endogeneity concern that chance drives our DID results by using exogenous regulatory shock, an instrumental variable (the index of regional guanxi culture), and placebo tests. We also find that the negative relation between the re-employment of expired independent directors and CSR performance is more significant for independent directors who have more relations with CEOs and raise less objection to managers’ decisions, and for firms that rely more on expired independent directors’ monitoring roles (e.g., a lower proportion of independent directors, CEO duality, high growth opportunities, and above-median FCF). The mediating-effect test shows that the re-employment of expired independent directors increases CEOs’ myopia and thus reduces CSR performance. In addition, we exclude the alternative explanation that the negative relation is caused by the protective effect brought by expired independent directors’ political backgrounds. Our study shows that managers may build reciprocal relationships with expired independent directors in the Chinese guanxi culture and gain personal interest.

We investigate the impact of financial geographic density on corporate financial asset holdings in emerging market. We proxy for financial geographic density by calculating the number of financial institutions around a firm within a certain radius based on the geographic distance between the firm and financial institutions. Using data on publicly listed A-share firms in China from 2011 to 2021, we find that financial geographic density has a positive impact on nonfinancial firms’ financial asset investments, especially for the firms located in regions with a larger number of banking depository financial institutions or facing greater market competition. An increase in the number of financial institutions surrounding firms increases corporate financial asset holdings by alleviating information asymmetry. Moreover, we document that Fintech has little impact on the relationship between financial geographic density and corporate financial asset holdings. As the rise of financial geographic density, firms hold more financial assets for precautionary motives, which contribute to corporate innovation.

We demonstrate that personal political preferences of corporate managers influence cor- porate policies. Specifically, Republican managers who are likely to have conservative personal ideologies adopt and maintain more conservative corporate policies. Those firms have lower levels of corporate debt, lower capital and research and development (R&D) expenditures, less risky investments, but higher profitability. Using the 9/11 terrorist attacks and Sept. 2008 Lehman Brothers bankruptcy as natural experiments, we demonstrate that investment policies of Republican managers became more conservative following these ex- ogenous uncertainty-increasing events. Furthermore, around chief executive officer (CEO) turnovers, including CEO deaths, firm leverage policy becomes more conservative when managerial conservatism increases.

Using data from 11 major international markets that celebrate six cultural New Year holidays that do not occur on January 1, we find that stock markets tend to outperform in days surrounding a cultural New Year. After controlling for firm characteristics, an average stock earns 2.5% higher abnormal returns across all markets in the month of a cultural New Year relative to other months of the year. Further evidence suggests that positive holiday moods, in conjunction with cash infusions prior to a cultural New Year, produce elevated stock prices, particularly among those stocks most preferred and traded by individual investors.

The Chinese government has actively traded in the stock market through governmentsponsored institutions, the National Team, since the 2015 market crash. I adopt Koijen and Yogo’s (2019) demand system approach in China’s stock market to understand the impact of government participation. Estimation results indicate the government tilts towards large, less risky, and SOE stocks. During the crash, government participation indeed stabilized the market: the large-scale purchases reduced the cross-sectional market volatility of annual return by 1.8% and raised the market price by 11%. When the market ffuctuation returns to normal, the government acts more like an active investor; its price impact remains high but does not contribute to the cross-sectional volatility. Based on the theoretical framework of Brunnermeier et al. (2020), I investigate the interaction between the Nation Team and retail investors to reveal the government trading strategy. No evidence shows that government participation signiffcantly distorts market information efficiency.

本文基于LASSO-VAR模型，使用A股全行业各股票近11年1分钟级高频数据，结合网络分析方法，从全样本和滚动窗口的视角分析房地产及其上下游行业的风险冲击及传染，测度“房住不炒”和“三道红线”两种不同力度的房地产调控政策的影响。研究发现：（1）在全样本期间，房地产的系统重要性较高，且扮演着“风险传出者”的角色。（2）“三道红线”的调控效果远高于“房住不炒”。（3）“三道红线”政策过于严格，对行业发展产生了负面影响。（4）房地产在受到紧缩性政策冲击后，风险会立刻向下游行业传递，而上游行业约4个月后才受到冲击。最后，结合房地产行业的特殊性，对房地产调控政策力度提出了相应的建议。

In the context of promoting high-quality economic development, using digital technology to empower industrial transformation and upgrading, thus driving consumption growth has become a key problem that needs to be solved urgently. By using data at the prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020, the paper has discussed the influence of the digital economy on residents' consumption and its internal mechanism. Theoretical analysis and empirical test results have shown that first of all, the digital economy has significantly improved residents' consumption, and this conclusion is still valid after the endogenous test and robustness test. Secondly, mechanism analysis has shown that the digital economy can increase residents' consumption by promoting the upgrading of the industrial structure. Thirdly, the promotion effect of the digital economy on residents' consumption is heterogeneous between urban and rural areas and between different regions. Compared with urban, and eastern and central regions, the digital economy has a more significant incentive for residents' consumption in rural areas and western regions, indicating that its development is beneficial to narrowing the gap of consumption between urban and rural areas and between regions. Finally, the improvement effect of the digital economy on residents' consumption has marginal increment nonlinear characteristics, which is continuously strengthened with the upgrading of industrial structure. The above research conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for further improving the infrastructure of the digital economy, accelerating the integration of the digital economy with traditional industries, and building a consumer Internet.