壮大耐心资本实现高质量发展是当前理论界与实践界共同关注的焦点，但鲜有研究探讨由耐心资本形成的共同所有权网络及其绿色治理效应。鉴于此，本文以2016—2023年沪深A股制造业上市公司为样本，探究长期共同机构所有权对企业绿色创新的影响及机制。研究发现，长期共同机构所有权对企业绿色创新具有显著的正向影响，人工智能技术能够增强长期共同机构所有权对企业绿色创新的驱动效应。机制检验表明，长期共同机构投资者可以通过抑制研发操纵与提升内部控制信息质量来促进绿色创新。进一步分析发现，长期共同机构投资者通过抑制绿色创新的“黑暗面”，推动企业全面履行其社会责任，从而促进企业绿色创新的“言行一致”。异质性检验发现，在高科技行业和行业竞争程度较高的行业中，长期机构所有权的绿色治理效应更为明显。本文从长期共同机构所有权视角揭示了AI赋能耐心资本网络在促进绿色创新中的显著作用，拓展了耐心资本作用机制及绿色创新驱动因素方面的研究文献，也为政府监管政策制定与企业绿色创新实践提供了重要参考。

作为资本市场的重要定价因素，股票意见分歧多由分析师预测差异来度量，但该指标具有低覆盖、高时滞、报喜藏忧等问题。为此，本文依照监管机构要求的投资者分类标准，构造保守型、稳健型、平衡型、积极型、激进型五类AI智能体，利用各智能体对股票新闻的评价差别构建AI分歧指标，识别由新闻引发的股票意见分歧。实证分析发现：（1）新闻意见分歧在当月推高股票价格，致使未来4个月股票产生较低的收益率和较高的暴跌概率。（2）在套利成本更高的股票中，意见分歧对股票价格的扰动更为剧烈。（3）意见分歧吸引小单和中单交易的追捧，引致特大单的反向交易。（4）新闻意见分歧导致股票高波动和价格高估，可以部分解释特质性波动率之谜。本研究弥补了意见分歧在当期推高估值的实证缺失，一定程度上解决了AI收益率预测的前视偏差顾虑。

Developing countries are taking advantage of FinTech tools to provide more people with convenient access to financial market investment through digital wealth management. Using COVID-19 as an uncertainty shock, we examine whether and how digital wealth management affects the resilience of consumption to shocks based on a unique micro dataset provided by a leading Big Tech platform, Alipay in China. We find that digital wealth management mitigates the response of consumption to uncertainty shocks: residents who participate in digital wealth management, especially in risky asset investments, have a lower reduction in consumption. Importantly, digital wealth management helps improve financial inclusion, with a more pronounced mitigation effect among residents with lower-level wealth, living in less developed areas, and those with lower-level conventional finance accessibility. The mitigation effect works through the wealth channel: those who allocate a larger proportion of risky assets in their portfolio and obtain a higher realized return show more resilience of consumption to negative shocks. We also find that digital wealth management substitutes for conventional bank credit but serves as a complement to FinTech credit in smoothing consumption during uncertainty shocks. Digital wealth management provides a crucial way to improve financial inclusion and the resilience of consumption to shocks.

In the wave of digital and intelligent transformation, corporate governance is undergoing profound changes. This paper, from the perspective of green governance and sustainable development, explores the new trends in corporate governance under this background, such as data-driven decision-making and the application of intelligent technologies in supervision; analyzes the new challenges faced, including data security and privacy protection, and the digital divide; and based on relevant theories, combined with practical cases and using data models and other methods, explores new paths, aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for enterprises to achieve the coordinated and simultaneous progress of digitalization, intelligentization, greenization, and sustainable development.

Recent research highlights the significant impact of managerial industry tournament incentives on internal firm decisions. However, their potential impact on external stakeholders-in the context of evolving product market relationships-has received scant attention. To address this gap, we examine the effect of customer aspiration, incentivized by CEO industry tournaments (CITIs), on supplier innovation. Utilizing customer-supplier pair-level data from 1992 to 2018, we establish that customer CITIs enhance supplier innovation, both in quantity and quality. Additionally, we identify that CITIs positively impact the relationship-specific innovation and market valuation for suppliers. The effect of CITIs is more pronounced when customers are larger, geographically closer, socially connected, and have long-standing relationships with their suppliers. The results remain robust to alternative specifications and considering potential endogeneity issues. Our study highlights the bright side of executives’ industry tournament incentives, which not only drive innovation within the sector but can also positively influence related sectors within the supply chain.

There is substantial evidence indicating that enterprises are negatively impacted by climate risk, with the most direct effects typically occurring in financial domains. This study examines A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2023, employing text analysis to develop the firm-level climate risk indicator and investigate the influence on corporate financial risk. The results show a significant positive correlation between climate risk and financial risk at the firm level. Mechanism analysis shows that the negative impact of climate risk on corporate financial condition is mainly achieved through three paths: increasing financial constraints, reducing inventory reserves, and increasing the degree of maturity mismatch. To address potential endogeneity, this study applies instrumental variable tests, propensity score matching, and a quasi-natural experiment based on the Paris Agreement. Additional tests indicate that reducing the degree of information asymmetry and improving corporate ESG performance can alleviate the negative impact of climate risk on corporate financial conditions. This relationship is more pronounced in high-carbon emission industries. In conclusion, this research deepens the understanding of the link between climate risk and corporate financial risk, providing a new micro perspective for risk management, proactive governance transformation, and the mitigation of financial challenges faced by enterprises.

We study how financial markets integrate news about pollution abatement costs into firm values. Using China’s automation of pollution monitoring, we find that firms with factories in bad-news cities---cities that used to report much lower pollution than the automated reading---see significant declines in stock prices. This is consistent with the view that investors expect firms in high-pollution cities to pay significant adjustment and abatement costs to become “greener.” However, the efficiency with which such information is incorporated into prices varies widely---while the market reaction is quick in the Hong Kong stock market, it is considerably delayed in the mainland ones, resulting in a drift. The equity markets expect most of these abatement costs to be paid by private firms and not by state-owned enterprises, and by brown firms and not by green firms.

Using bank-county-year level mortgage application data, we document that minority borrowers are systematically evaluated with less soft information compared to White borrowers within the same bank-county branch. Using variation in local sunshine as an instrument and conducting a series of robustness checks, we show that the soft information imbalance significantly increases the denial gap between minority and White applicants. However, this imbalance does not appear to affect pricing disparities. Further analysis shows that internal capital reallocation to under-resourced bank branches can serve as an effective strategy to reduce soft information imbalances and, thus, promote more equitable credit allocation. Our results highlight that soft information imbalance is an overlooked but significant factor driving disparities against minority borrowers.

We introduce a deep visualization (DV) framework that turns conventional commodity data into images and extracts predictive signals via convolutional feature learning. Specifically, we encode futures price trajectories and the futures surface as images, then derive four deep‑visualization (DV) predictors, carry ($bs_{DV}$), basis momentum ($bm_{DV}$), momentum ($mom_{DV}$), and skewness ($sk_{DV}$), each of which consistently outperforms its traditional formula‑based counterpart in return predictability. By forming long–short portfolios in the top (bottom) quartile of each DV predictor, we build an image‑based four‑factor model that delivers significant alpha and better explains the cross‑section of commodity returns than existing benchmarks. Further evidence shows that the explanatory power of these image‑based factors is strongly linked to macroeconomic uncertainty and geopolitical risk. Our findings reveal that transforming conventional financial data into images and relying solely on image-derived features suffices to construct a sophisticated asset pricing model at least in commodity markets, pioneering the paradigm of image‑based asset pricing.

Banks have a significant funding-cost advantage if their liabilities are protected by bailout guarantees. We construct a corporate finance-style model showing that banks can exploit this funding-cost advantage by just intermediating funds between investors and ultimate borrowers, thereby earning the spread between their reduced funding rate and the competitive market rate. This mechanism leads to a crowding-out of direct market finance and real effects for bank borrowers at the intensive margin: banks protected by bailout guarantees induce their borrowers to leverage excessively, to overinvest, and to conduct inferior high-risk projects. We confirm our model predictions using U.S. panel data, exploiting exogenous changes in banks' political connections, which cause variation in bailout expectations. At the bank level, we find that higher bailout probabilities are associated with more wholesale debt funding and lending. Controlling for loan demand, we confirm this effect on bank lending at the bank-firm level and find evidence on loan pricing consistent with a shift towards riskier borrower real investments. Finally, at the firm level, we find that firms linked to banks that experience an expansion in their bailout guarantees show an increase in their leverage, higher investment levels with indications of overinvestment, and lower productivity.