Many corporate executives believe blockchain technology is broadly scalable and will achieve mainstream adoption, yet there is little evidence of significant shareholder value creation associated with corporate adoption of blockchain technology. We collect a broad sample of firms that invest in blockchain technology and examine the stock price reaction to the “first” public revelation of this news. Initial reac- tions average close to +13% and are followed by reversals over the next 3 months. However, we report a striking differ- ence based on the credibility of the investment. Blockchain investments that are at an advanced stage or are con- firmed in subsequent financial statements are associated with higher initial reactions and little or no reversal. The results suggest that credible corporate strategies involving blockchain technology are viewed favorably by investors.

本文的目的是建立刻画区块链生态系统行为表现的 “共识博弈” (Consensus Game) 的一般框架，并针对 “矿池间隔博弈 ” \ (Mining Pool Gap Game）的 “共识均衡” \ (Consensus Equilibria) 的存在性进行刻画和解读，然后通过共识博弈这个新概念来建立和解释区块链平台本身的稳定性在挖矿间隔行为出现的 情况下在基于共识均衡存在的这个意义上的正面回答。这里，“间隔博弈”\ (Gap Game) 所在的区块链生态是指基于中本聪\ （Nakamoto) 在\ 2008 年提出的 “工作量证明” 作为基本的共识原则的挖矿平台。特别地，本文首先在一般激励机制条件下，基于区块链生态中的共识博弈框架，对挖矿间隔行为可能出现的情况下，建立了在一般激励相容机制条件下的共识均衡点的存在性结果和对应区块链生态能够持续运转的稳定性解读书, 然后结合在 “挖（币）矿” \ (Mining Bitcoin）工作中涉及到的工作费用、奖励机制和挖矿能力这三类主要因素，从挖矿工（组）收益的角度, 针对不同嵌入场景对挖矿工（组）的 “间隔博弈行为” \（Gap Game Behavior) 对可能产生的影响进行了解读和分析。本文的理论结果和案例分析表明，结合不同挖矿场景相合适的激励相容机制， 共识博弈（均衡）这个概念可以在理论的层面（即，不需要情景数据模拟结果的支持），能够得到或形成针对不同场景下的挖矿行为的解释和解读。此外，我们有理由期待和相信，结合影响挖矿（组）收益相关的要素因子，共识博弈可以帮助我们构建对应的合适场景的激励相容机制，通过刻画挖矿工（组）出现的诸如 “间隔行为”, “分叉链”, “矿池攻击” 等（不良)行为，支撑数字经济的健康发展, 并对共识经济学基础理论的发展能够起到推进作用。

Blockchain mania occurs in response to the quick rise of Bitcoin price in markets with cryptocurrencies circulation. However, Chinese government policies regarding the development of blockchain are inconsistent--block access to the offerings and exchanges of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoins, but raise the blockchain technology to a strategic position. We empirically investigate whether the government’s inconsistent policies will lead to blockchain mania and how it affects the blockchainrelated firms’ activities and performance. Our results are threefold: First, the supportive policy can fully offset the negative effect due to the national boycott of cryptocurrencies. Second, Nonspeculative firms experience a stronger and long-standing positive reaction, while the effect on Speculative firms is transient and vanishes after receiving a definitive warning ten days later. Third, the market reaction to government support appears more pronounced among firms having established blockchain technology alliances, or being endorsed officially.

This paper explores the determinants of cryptocurrency failure and the pricing of crypto failure risk. We document different significant market- and characteristic-based predictors for coin and token failures. The introduction of Bitcoin futures and the outbreak of COVID19 affect the importance of many predictors. Investors require extra return for bearing high failure risk of crypto assets. The return difference across high and low failure risk crypto assets is not explained by the market, size and momentum factors in the cryptocurrency market. Finally, investors benefit from diversifying into high failure risk crypto assets that is little correlated with the stock market.

In this study, we examine the resilience of Bitcoin (BTC) to hedge Chinese aggregate and sectoral equity markets and the returns spillover to Altcoins onset the Novel Coronavirus outbreak. We observe that BTC is a weak hedge during the overall period and a weak safe haven onset the crisis. Besides, BTC is a weak hedge, diversifier and a weak safe haven for the sectoral equity indexes. Overall, gold outperforms BTC in hedging and safe haven perspectives with respect to Chinese equity markets. Lastly, we find that the rise in Altcoin prices are majorly due to spillover from BTC prices.

This research explores the effects of adding bitcoin to an optimal portfolio (naïve, long-only, unconstrained and semi-constrained) of by relying on mean-CVaR approach in Chinese market. Then backtesting to compare the performance of portfolios with and without bitcoin for each scenario is performed. Results show significant but weak correlations between various asset classes and bitcoin, implying a more mature financial profile of bitcoin in China compared to that in the west. Backtesting results show that the effect of adding bitcoin to optimal portfolios is not consistent over the entire out-of-sample period. The naïve and the long-only strategy improved the risk reward ratio up until the late 2013 price-crash with no significant advantages thereafter. Shorting strategies on the other hand, with or without leverage, fail to produce more efficient portfolios when bitcoin is added, and this is consistent over the entire out-of-sample period. The results also show that semi-annual rebalancing amplifies the advantages of adding bitcoin to most portfolios except for the semi-constrained portfolio, although the weights analysis show significant shifts in weights which might not represent a feasible strategy in realistic scenarios.

This research explores the effects of adding bitcoin to an optimal portfolio (naïve, long-only, unconstrained and semi-constrained) of by relying on mean-CVaR approach in Chinese market. Then backtesting to compare the performance of portfolios with and without bitcoin for each scenario is performed. Results show significant but weak correlations between various asset classes and bitcoin, implying a more mature financial profile of bitcoin in China compared to that in the west. Backtesting results show that the effect of adding bitcoin to optimal portfolios is not consistent over the entire out-of-sample period. The naïve and the long-only strategy improved the risk reward ratio up until the late 2013 price-crash with no significant advantages thereafter. Shorting strategies on the other hand, with or without leverage, fail to produce more efficient portfolios when bitcoin is added, and this is consistent over the entire out-of-sample period. The results also show that semi-annual rebalancing amplifies the advantages of adding bitcoin to most portfolios except for the semi-constrained portfolio, although the weights analysis show significant shifts in weights which might not represent a feasible strategy in realistic scenarios.