The e-CNY, with its information transparency and financial inclusion, activates an innovative solution to cure the financing obstacles among the small and medium enterprises in China. The research establishes a game model between enterprises and commercial banks embedded in information asymmetry, and incorporates the e-CNY payment choice within the framework to analyse the cure effect of e-CNY on enterprise financing obstacles. With equilibrium results calculated, it simulates the outcomes of changing parameters on the behaviours of enterprises and banks. The findings involve that, based on the incremental utility of e-CNY and subsidies attached, e-CNY is preferred in transaction, reducing the bad debt risk caused by misalignment when both achieving excess returns. The People’s Bank of China must strengthen a more transparent publicity of e-CNY and structure an inclusive system of financial regulation to well use digital currency and realise high-quality socio-economic development.

A significant number of procurements in both public and private sectors have adopted the practice of splitting the award among multiple bidders in an auction, as an alternative to the one-winner-take-all approach. This aims to encourage participation from small firms and reduce dependency on a single supplier. One prominent example is China’s national drug procurement multiple-winner auction, where the drug supply is divided among several winners, increasing in proportion to the number of participants. Given the societal importance of drug prices, it is crucial to properly examine the rationale for using split-award auctions. However, there is limited theoretical and empirical guidance available in the literature. This paper investigates the competitive impact of split-award auctions on key outcomes, such as participation and procurement costs, using both a theoretical framework and empirical evidence. Theoretically, it demonstrates that split-award auctions consistently boost participation but also increase expected procurement costs in almost all instances. The expected procurement cost decreases only if the split-award auction raises participation from 0 to 1 compared to the winner-take-all auction. Empirically, the paper estimates the direction and magnitude of the effects on participation and expected procurement costs using drug procurement data. The findings reveal that split-award auctions moderately increase average participation by 0.85 bidders (17%), but significantly raise the unit expected procurement cost by 4 CNY (38%). Almost half of the overall increase in expected procurement costs stems from reallocating production to more expensive bidders, while the other half results from increased markups charged by bidders in response to this reallocation.

Amongst major economies, China has been taking a lead in the development of central bank digital currency (CBDC), which has generated widespread interest and impact around the globe. China’s CBDC, commonly known as e-CNY, is designed with several distinctive features, enabling it to compare favorably to other payment methods such as credit cards, mobile payment, unbacked cryptocurrency, and stablecoins. A variety of social, economic, political, and regulatory reasons can be identified to help explain China’s active pursuit of CBDC. However, the prospect of success will be affected by many factors and may vary between the domestic and international markets. This paper argues that the adoption of eCNY will likely succeed domestically, but may face more challenges in the international markets. The development of e-CNY seems to have created a catfish effect on other major economies in the race for CBDC. It is not fully clear, however, that the CBDC race will be better explained by the first-mover or the late-mover advantage theory. The CBDC project will have both public and private law implications, and several legal issues warrant particular attention in relation to the legal status of CBCD, the role and responsibility of the central bank, legal remedies for losses suffered by CBDC users from cybersecurity issues and operational problems, and the issue of data privacy and protection.

Quantifying the economic loss from climate change in China is crucial for understanding the potential costs and benefits of climate policy within the context of carbon neutrality. This study develops a multidisciplinary and integrated assessment framework for climate damage, which uses the Beijing Climate Center Simple Earth System Model (BCC-SESM) to estimate climatic data under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios with the medium Shared Social-economic Pathway (SSP2) scenario in China. This paper estimates climate damage in eight major sectors by a bottom-up approach, makes substantive revisions and calibrations for the sectoral climate damage functions and parameters for China based on the FUND model, and formulates the aggregate climate damage function. Results show that under the Business-as-Usual RCP8.5 scenario, by 2050 human health damage accounts for the largest share (61.92%) of the total climate loss, followed by sea-level rise damage (18.57%) and water resources damage (5.84%). Climate damage in non-market sectors reaches 14.64 trillion CNY, which is a 4.8-fold increase over the climate damage of market sectors which is only 3.02 trillion CNY. The total climate damage function for China is a quadratic function of temperature rise, with climate damage of 5.36%, 5.67%, 5.74%, and 8.16% of the GDP by 2050 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 respectively, indicating that the marginal climate damage increases non-linearly with temperature rise.

Since September 1, 2014, the renminbi (RMB) offshore market in Taiwan has been started on according a cross-strait MOU. A completed RMB market in the Chinese Economic Area therefore has been established. Due to political and economic disruptions, such as the aftermath of the global tsunami, mainland China’s stock market crash and RMB exchange rate reform in 2015, as well as failure of the Service Trade Agreement between Taiwan and mainland China in 2016, the arbitrage opportunities among the three RMB markets can be explored. This paper evaluates the convergence and divergence of RMB market returns by the sigma-convergence (or log t) test, which provides a more precise indication for market return convergence than does the traditional unit root test. Policy implications for the RMB arbitrage are also provided.

Following the successful experience of USDX, this paper gives a profile of how to design a foreign exchange index for China and elaborates three functions and implications of CNYX in foreign exchange market. This paper also demonstrate the models to get the equilibrium price of CNYX derivatives. CNYX derivatives provide traders and hedgers with a tool for avoiding risk and give a new approach for China’s large foreign reserve to optimize its structure to prevent the devaluation.