This paper investigates the effect of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) on the ESG performance of their underlying firms. Using data from China, we find that ETFs enhance the ESG performance of their underlying firms. This finding remains consistent after several robustness and endogeneity tests. Further, we show that the effect is more pronounced for non-SOEs, firms in low-polluting industries, and firms at growth and maturity stages. Studying the mechanisms behind these results, we find that ETFs mitigate the corporate agency problems, enhance the willingness of managers to invest in ESG, and improve the ESG performance.

We examine a unique phenomenon among exchange traded funds (ETFs) in the Chinese stock market, finding that ETFs pervasively participate in initial public offerings (IPOs) to profit from underpricing. The ETF IPO participation passes primary market benefits to retail investors, providing benefits from hard-to-reach investment opportunities. These active moves showing ETFs are not entirely passive highlight the gains of the active management. However, we observe that this activity leads to increased non-fundamental volatility and short-term return reversals, as well as decreased investment-q sensitivity among ETF member stocks, presenting a negative externality. Using a policy shock as the quasi-natural experiment, we establish the causality of these effects, underscoring the dual nature of ETFs active management.

Abstract: Traditional research about the passive investors and index were mainly focus on the tracking error and the performance of mutual funds. However, they ignored that, deceptive by name, the passive investors, such as index-tracking funds and ETFs, may have an active impact on the value of the company through large-scale transactions of these passive investors. Focused on the Chinese stock market, this paper investigates whether specific passive investors, the funds and ETFs that track MSCI China index, will actively influence the market valuation after MSCI Index Rebalance. When the passive shareholders, which are always the mutual funds, exceeds a threshold, I find that firms added to the index will have a significant positive return, about X%, to the index itself. Also, I find the firms eliminated out to the index have a significant negative return, about X%, to the index itself. One potential interpretation of these results is that index-rebalancing will lead the index-trackers to buy those stocks added to the index, and these transactions represent a large buy power that will lead the demanding of those stocks to exceed the selling power and this dynamic of trading plus the following transactions of other investors eventually cause a premium and positive return. The firm size will also have an impact on stock performance when the index get rebalanced, partially in that the weight of the index is calculated according to the market value, a calculate method that leads to the higher weight of large companies. If large companies are added to or removed from the index, the trading volume will be larger, causing more transactions dynamic on those stocks.

ETFs和股指期货都是股指的衍生金融产品，两者的市场功能很相似，而且在具体应用中，ETFs和股指期货更是可以交叉应用，相互取长补短。此外，由于他们对市场环境的要求基本相同，所以ETFs的推出有利于为股指期货的运行铺平道路。

本文在探讨交易所交易基金（ETFs）的发展背景、内涵及其产品运作特点的基础上，从发展和创新的角度考察了全球ETFs的市场现状，并从产品、管理理念和交易制度三个方面分析了国外ETFs市场创新的最新动态及其对我国的启示。

本文深入分析了Nasdaq100指数跟踪股（简称QQQ）这只美国著名的交易所交易基金（ETFs）的产品设计、基本特征、组织架构及其双重交易模式和由此而生的独特的套利机制，总结了Nasdaq100指数跟踪股的独到的金融创新之处，为理解和借鉴国外ETFs的产品创新和成功运作的经验提供了一个有益的帮助。

ETFs是最近几年发展比较迅速的一种指数衍生品种，和共同基金相比具有许多的优点。本文对ETFs与股指期货进行了比较，指出这两种指数衍生品不能相互替代，但它们在功能上可以相互补充。通过对ETFs和股指期货的相互影响分析，认为同时进行这两种指数衍生品的交易有助于各自功能的更好发挥，有助于提高整个证券市场的运作效率。

交易所交易基金ETFs，作为交易所交易的开放式指数基金，它结合了封闭式与开放式基金的优点，因此具有交易成本低、交易方式灵活、流通性强、高透明性和便于市场监管的特点，1993年在美国成功推出后，成为近年来国际上增长最快的金融创新产品，同时也成为中国证券市场创新的焦点。本文主要介绍了中国发展ETFs所具有的条件、主要障碍以及一些尝试。

本文在分析不同种类投资基金具有的风险收益特征基础上，分别研究了保险资金、社保资金、企业年金、工商企业和中小投资者的不同风险收益偏好，为我国开放式基金产品创新指明了方向，并认为我国应该大力发展储蓄替代型基金产品、指数基金、LOF、ETFs、高科技行业基金、蓝筹股基金和债券基金。接着作者从流动性管理计划、资产匹配管理和负债管理等三个方面讨论了我国开放式基金流动性管理创新问题。

文章深入分析了Nasdaq100指数跟踪股（简称QQQ）这只美国著名的交易所交易基金（ETFs）的产品设计、基本特征、组织架构及其双重交易模式和由此而生的独特的套利机制，总结了Nasdaq100指数跟踪股的独到的金融创新之处，为理解和借鉴国外ETFs的产品创新和成功运作的经验提供了一个有益的帮助。