This study was conducted to understand better how rules influence China's energy performance; this research on these policies' efficacy that facilitating the transition to sustainable energy sources is of tremendous significance, particularly in light of the severe problems climate change poses. To determine whether or not strict regulations are beneficial to China's energy transition efforts, this research makes use of a substantial amount of data about China's environmental laws and environmental transition policies. This paper thoroughly analyses the impact of strict environmental regulations on various energy transition measures. These metrics include the availability of green energy, carbon emissions, and energy efficiency. The results provide insights into how environmental restrictions have affected China's transition to a different energy source. Policymakers and stakeholders may use this information to build efficient plans to expedite the transition to a low-carbon, renewable energy system in China and abroad.

Copper resources are widely used in power networks and clean - energy tech like PV panels, wind turbines, and NEVs. Restricted by domestic resources, China's copper supply chain is vulnerable with risks. Based on six supply - chain stages, this paper builds an assessment system for China's copper supply - chain risks. By adopting an improved Benefit of Doubt (BOD) model, this paper has systematically evaluated the risks in the whole copper supply chain, revealing the trends and deep-rooted causes of these risks. The findings of this study reveal that: (1) The supply chain risk of China's copper resources presents a significant upward trend over the past 15 years; (2) The current supply chain risks in copper are mainly concentrated at the stages of import, production, and application; and the recycling risk has a great potential for reducing the copper supply chain risks in the future. Based on these findings, this paper proposes two policy recommendations: (1) Develop diversified channels for importing copper resources and optimize overseas investment patterns and; (2) Improve the domestic supply capacity of secondary copper resources and reduce the risks at the recycling stage.