中国经济增速自 2012 年起持续下行，学界对其潜在增速的判断长期存在分歧。本文基于2005Q1—2025Q4中国31个省级行政区季度面板数据，构建“双场景 + 双红利 + 双约束”统一分析框架，系统检验不同经济循环模式下的增长约束机制。对比多种计量方法的稳健性后，采用工具变量法、多期 DID、中介效应、滚动窗口门槛回归、反事实模拟及异质性企业 DSGE 模型开展实证分析，得到三项核心结论。第一，中国经济增长呈现清晰的四阶段演化特征，外需主导期与内需主导期的约束机制存在本质差异；仅在外需主导阶段，美元M2增速与GDP增速存在显著倒 U 型关系，7%—10%为最优黄金区间。第二，3.30% 实际融资利率与零边际利润率双重约束严格锁定内需主导期增长，一旦进入“越投越亏”区间，GDP增速将出现断崖式回落。第三，现有研究关于潜在增速的分歧，本质是无条件收敛假说与有条件收敛假说的视角差异。本文拓展了开放条件下的经济收敛理论，构建的双场景双约束分析框架，为理解中国经济增速换挡提供了新的理论视角与实证支撑。

货币结构研究长期存在一个核心困惑：1999-2019 年M1/QM存量比始终稳定在 1:2，2020 年后却出现持续性失锚。现有研究大多聚焦M1/M2增速剪刀差的短期周期特征，普遍忽视存量资金收支的底层约束，同时资本收益率与融资成本的核算口径混乱，导致不同研究结论缺乏可比性。本文构建居民-商业银行-实体企业三部门时变参数 DSGE 模型，采用白重恩（2006）国民核算法范式，采用MPK与全实体WACC对偶口径，提炼得到M1,tre,t=QMtrd,t这一收益等价核心恒等式。依托1999Q1-2026Q1跨国时序、全国年度、中国31省份季度面板三层数据，综合多套识别策略，分国别测算资本收益倍数Kt的破裂临界值：中国 1.801、日本 1.785、德国1.922，混合样本临界值1.803可作为类似制度特征工业化经济体的参考基准。当Kt跌破临界阈值时，存量货币持续从经营性活期向定期沉淀。纠正“单纯依靠放宽银行信贷供给就能改善货币结构、降息万能、紧盯历史比值调控”的政策误区。量化测算结果显示，累计新增 11.23 万亿元实体利润可修复收益闭环，经济体将自发形成适配现行制度的全新货币均衡比例。

宏观经济学长期面临主流模型测算自然利率与实体真实回报显著背离的 "利率鸿沟" 困境，传统 HLW 滤波、DSGE 等方法在 2020 年代低增长、高债务环境中已普遍失效。基于无套利均衡原理，构建包含家庭、企业、金融中介的三部门一般均衡模型，推导出自然利率白箱测算公式，提出 "自然利率即实体经济长期盈利盈亏平衡线" 核心命题，构建与 BIS、IMF 等国际标准全面衔接的五维债务健康度评价体系。经多轮参数校准与 2017Q1-2026Q1 中美日德韩跨国面板数据实证检验，中国自然利率中枢稳定在 4.8%-6.1% 区间，显著高于传统测算值；该指标对固定资产投资具有显著预测力，比 HLW 滤波平均提前 2-3 个季度预警经济波动。研究表明，中国债务核心指标处于发达国家合理区间，产业利润可稳定覆盖利息支出，不存在系统性风险。以持续付息保障新质生产力培育时间窗口的发展逻辑，可为宏观调控提供可落地的实操工具。

In emerging markets characterized by signiffcant information asymmetry, mitigat-ing firm-level risk is paramount for market stability. While the governance role ofinstitutional investors is known, the impact of their direct, on-the-ground engagementremains underexplored. This study’s objective is to investigate how institutionalinvestor site visits, a crucial hands-on governance mechanism, affect stock returnvolatility. Using a sample of Chinese-listed A-share firms from 2012 to 2022, wefind that frequent site visits significantly reduce firm-level stock return volatility.This risk-reduction effect is more pronounced for firms with greater agency problems,poorer ESG performance, and higher expropriation risk. Our analysis, robust toendogeneity concerns, indicates this effect is driven by improved external oversight.We conclude that direct institutional engagement is a vital channel for reducinginformation asymmetry, enhancing corporate governance, and ultimately promotingmarket stability by lowering investment risk.

Against the backdrop of recurrent global crises, economic uncertainty, and mounting environmental and social pressures, corporate resilience—defined as a firm’s capability to withstand external systemic shocks—has emerged as a critical determinant of long-term sustainability. This study empirically exames the effect of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance on corporate resilience in China’s A-share market, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment to identify causal effects. The sample comprises 651 A-share listed firms, excluding financial institutions, real estate firms, and ST/*ST companies, over the period from January 20, 2020, when the pandemic was officially announced in China, to June 30, 2024. ESG performance is measured as the average of 2018–2019 ratings issued by three major domestic agencies, thereby capturing firms’ pre-shock conditions and mitigating concerns of reverse causality. Corporate resilience is evaluated along two dimensions: resistance, measured by the severity of losses in net income, revenue, and stock price, and recovery, measured by the time required for ROA, EBIT, stock price, and Tobin’s Q to return to pre-shock levels. To ensure the robustness of the findings, this study employs linear regression models with industry-clustered robust standard errors, an instrumental-variable approach using R&D intensity and analyst coverage as instruments, and a Cox accelerated failure time model to estimate recovery duration. The empirical results indicate that stronger pre-shock ESG performance significantly enhances corporate resistance and shortens recovery time. Mechanism analyses further reveal that ESG strengthens corporate resilience by improving total factor productivity, alleviating financing constraints, and enhancing corporate reputation. These findings remain robust to multicollinearity diagnostics and a range of additional robustness tests. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence of the value of ESG in strengthening corporate resilience and offers important implications for firms, policymakers, and investors.

In view of the divergence of existing research results on the relationship between ESG and investment returns, this paper constructs an S-score metric, which comprehensively measures corporate sustainability performance. It further tests the applicability of a sustainability-based investment strategy using this metric in China's A-share market. Using Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from May 2016 to April 2024 as the research sample, the S-score is constructed across five dimensions: Profitability, Growth Opportunities, Investment Efficiency, Risk Mitigation, and ESG Performance. The S-score is calculated using Z-score standardization and entropy weighted. Strategy effectiveness was tested through univariate grouping, bivariate grouping, and Fama-Macbeth regression, further examining strategy performance under varying market conditions, holding periods, and information environments. The study finds that the S-score demonstrates significant discriminative power for cross-sectional stock returns. The hedge portfolio based on this metric achieved an annualized excess return of 7.943% after adjusting for the China three-factor (CH-3) model. Its predictive power remains robust after controlling for variables such as market capitalization and book-to-market ratio, delivering significant positive returns across bull and bear markets, extreme pandemic conditions, and holding periods of up to eight years. From a behavioral finance perspective, this paper reveals that explanations such as the gradual diffusion of information and investors' limited attention span help elucidate the profitability of the S-score strategy. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Sustainable Investing strategies in China's A-share market, indicating that ESG-integrated factor investing can optimize resource allocation. This research contributes empirical evidence on Sustainable Investing in emerging markets, providing insights for policy formulation and practical implementation while supporting the virtuous cycle between Sustainable Investing and long-termism.

宏观经济学长期面临主流模型测算自然利率与实体真实回报显著背离的 " 利率鸿沟" 困境，传统 HLW 滤波、DSGE 等方法在 2020 年代低增长、高债务 环境中已普遍失效。基于无套利均衡原理，构建包含家庭、企业、金融中介的 三部门一般均衡模型，推导出自然利率白箱测算公式，提出 "自然利率即实体 经济长期盈利盈亏平衡线" 核心命题，构建与 BIS、IMF 等国际标准全面衔接 的五维债务健康度评价体系。经多轮参数校准与 2017Q1-2026Q1 中美日德韩跨 国面板数据实证检验，中国自然利率中枢稳定在 4.8%-6.1% 区间，显著高于传 统测算值；该指标对固定资产投资具有显著预测力，比 HLW 滤波平均提前 2-3 个季度预警经济波动。研究表明，中国债务核心指标处于发达国家合理区间， 产业利润可稳定覆盖利息支出，不存在系统性风险。以持续付息保障新质生产 力培育时间窗口的发展逻辑，可为宏观调控提供可落地的实操工具。

This study examines how global turbulence factors shape volatility spillovers among emerging stock markets through the lens of risk cycles. We find that emerging market connectedness exhibits clear regime heterogeneity across risk cycles, while also preserving several persistent structural patterns. Specifically, trade policy uncertainty (TPU) and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) serve the dominant drivers during risk outbreak and risk accumulation periods, respectively. Meanwhile, sustainability uncertainty (ESGUI) consistently plays a leading driver role in both regimes, while physical climate risk plays a comparatively limited role. Furthermore, the effects of these core turbulence factors are nonlinear and threshold-dependent, highlighting the importance of accounting for risk cycle heterogeneity and nonlinear dynamics when assessing emerging market risk transmission.

本文基于2007—2022年中国上市能源相关企业面板数据（46,424个企业—年度观测值），研究极端气候与政策冲击背景下ESG风险暴露对企业能源系统韧性的影响及其动态传导机制。本文构建阶段敏感的离散风险状态表示方法，把《易经》中“变易—不易”的结构思想转化为可操作的计量框架，将企业风险映射为六个生命周期阶段下的64种状态结构，并在企业与年份固定效应框架下识别风险效应的阶段异质性。结果表明，原煤依赖度显著降低绿色转型指数（韧性指标），天然气依赖度显著提高韧性；标准煤当量能源强度在煤炭暴露与韧性之间发挥重要中介作用，占总效应的62.3%。进一步构建马尔可夫状态转移模型，发现极端事件显著改变高风险状态向低韧性状态的转移概率。结合LSTM-注意力机制生成预警概率，在最优阈值下样本外预测准确率为78.6%，稳健性检验结果一致。基于预警概率构建阶段相关的对冲规则，结果显示其在后期阶段显著降低风险暴露并提高风险调整后收益。本文为能源企业转型期风险管理与政策干预提供了可操作的识别框架与决策依据。

随着监管部门与社会各界对于企业的ESG表现日益关注，本文考察拟上市企业（特别是IPO预期成功率较低的企业）是否有动机通过强化其ESG表现，从而增强其IPO成功概率。本文基于大语言模型对拟上市公司招股说明书所呈现的ESG绩效进行量化评估，并系统考察企业IPO预期成功率、招股说明书ESG绩效与IPO最终成功率之间的互动关系。研究发现：（1）企业IPO预期成功率越低，该企业越可能在其招股说明书中展现出较佳的ESG绩效；（2）企业的ESG绩效强化行为显著提升了其IPO通过概率。这一效应在证券监管部门更为关注企业社会责任时以及在高污染行业中更为显著。进一步分析表明，对于IPO预期成功率较低的企业，其招股说明书中的ESG表现无法有效预测其上市后的ESG绩效，这表明监管部门仍需警惕此类企业“漂绿”上市的风险。本文研究结论对于证券监管部门和投资者都具有重要的决策参考价值。