环境规制能否通过改善企业行为产生声誉治理效应，是评价环境政策微观经济 后果的重要维度。本文以 2012—2024 年沪深 A 股上市公司为研究样本，将 2018 年《中华 人民共和国环境保护税法》实施视为准自然实验，采用双重差分模型考察环境规制对企业声 誉风险的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：环境规制显著降低了企业声誉风险，经过平行趋势 检验、安慰剂检验、替换变量、排他性检验以及固定效应双重机器学习等一系列稳健性检验 后，该结论依然成立。机制分析表明，环境规制主要通过改善公司治理、提高信息披露质量 和提升 ESG 责任表现降低企业声誉风险。异质性分析发现，在媒体关注度较高、外部审计 监督较强、融资约束较低以及技术水平较高的企业中，环境规制的声誉治理效应更为显著。 进一步研究表明，声誉风险上升会提高企业信贷风险溢价，并对财务绩效产生一定的负向影 响，说明环境规制还能够通过缓释声誉风险产生融资改善效应和一定的经营改善效应。本文 从声誉风险视角拓展了环境规制微观经济后果的研究，为完善环境规制体系、加强企业环境 治理和促进企业可持续发展提供了经验证据。

This paper studies whether and how policies that promote a currency’s use in trade invoicing can also strengthen its role as an anchor currency in other economies’ exchange rate baskets. We exploit the establishment of RMB swap lines by the People’s Bank of China as a natural setting to examine this mechanism. We first estimate countries’ implicit currency baskets and the weights assigned to the RMB, and then use a staggered difference-in-differences design to assess the effect of initiating swap line agreements on the RMB’s weights in these baskets. Our results indicate that RMB weights increase by approximately 5% about nine months after a swap line is introduced and remain persistently higher thereafter. Finally, we develop a three-country DSGE model to interpret these findings, showing that by promoting RMB invoicing, swap lines reinforce the RMB’s role as an anchor currency for exchange rate stabilization.

This paper studies whether and how policies that promote a currency’s use in international invoicing can also strengthen its role as an anchor currency in other economies’ exchange rate baskets. We exploit the establishment of swap lines by the People’s Bank of China as a natural setting to examine this mechanism. First, we estimate countries’ implicit currency baskets and the weights assigned to the RMB. We then use a staggered difference-in-differences design to assess the effect of initiating swap line agreements on the RMB’s weights in these baskets. Our results indicate that RMB weights increase by approximately 5% about nine months after a swap line is introduced and remain persistently higher thereafter. Finally, we develop a three-country DSGE model to interpret these findings, showing that by promoting RMB invoicing, swap lines reinforce the RMB’s role as an anchor currency for exchange rate stabilization.

Financial crises rarely erupt without warning; they are preceded by long periods of hidden fragility. Yet traditional market indicators such as the VIX capture only realized volatility, offering little foresight. This paper introduces the Stability Gap Model (SGM), developed iteratively from a simple intuition: fragility arises when risk-taking diverges from fundamentals and systemic buffers are insufficient. We trace the evolution of the model from its original formulation, through corrections and extensions, to its present form. The Classic SGM captures instantaneous imbalance, while the Beta SGM incorporates memory of past shocks. Empirical analysis demonstrates that the SGM provided clear early warnings ahead of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, the 2011 Eurozone debt episode, the 2015 China/oil slowdown, and the 2018 tightening cycle, while also trending upward in 2019 before the COVID-19 crash. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the model's utility in assessing fragility in hedge funds and proposes its application as a universal framework for stability analysis across diverse systems, from corporate finance to supply chains.

2015年MLF常态化运作后，我国基础货币投放转向抵押品本位框架，十年期国债利率出现"加息灵敏联动、降息单边钝化"的非对称阻滞特征。本文构建四部门DSGE模型，匹配2006—2024年宏观月度面板与银企微观面板，综合运用NARDL、Bootstrap链式中介、内生门限回归等方法开展实证检验，并引入美、德、法、日四国构建跨国安慰剂对照。研究发现：不动产抵押框架通过存量M2锁定与银行负债淤积两条渠道推高M1-M2剪刀差，货币分层是降息传导受阻的核心中介闸门；2015年制度切换引发传导结构永久性塑性跳变，短端利率始终维持对称。微观面板验证了银行信贷配置倾斜与企业活期调整两类底层行为，跨国安慰剂检验证实长端钝化并非间接融资体系共性特征，而是不动产抵押货币制度的独有摩擦。本文据此提出短期逆周期调控与中长期多元抵押锚建设分层方案。

中国经济增速自 2012 年起持续下行，学界对其潜在增速的判断长期存在分歧。本文基于2005Q1—2025Q4中国31个省级行政区季度面板数据，构建“双场景 + 双红利 + 双约束”统一分析框架，系统检验不同经济循环模式下的增长约束机制。对比多种计量方法的稳健性后，采用工具变量法、多期 DID、中介效应、滚动窗口门槛回归、反事实模拟及异质性企业 DSGE 模型开展实证分析，得到三项核心结论。第一，中国经济增长呈现清晰的四阶段演化特征，外需主导期与内需主导期的约束机制存在本质差异；仅在外需主导阶段，美元M2增速与GDP增速存在显著倒 U 型关系，7%—10%为最优黄金区间。第二，3.30% 实际融资利率与零边际利润率双重约束严格锁定内需主导期增长，一旦进入“越投越亏”区间，GDP增速将出现断崖式回落。第三，现有研究关于潜在增速的分歧，本质是无条件收敛假说与有条件收敛假说的视角差异。本文拓展了开放条件下的经济收敛理论，构建的双场景双约束分析框架，为理解中国经济增速换挡提供了新的理论视角与实证支撑。

货币结构研究长期存在一个核心困惑：1999-2019 年M1/QM存量比始终稳定在 1:2，2020 年后却出现持续性失锚。现有研究大多聚焦M1/M2增速剪刀差的短期周期特征，普遍忽视存量资金收支的底层约束，同时资本收益率与融资成本的核算口径混乱，导致不同研究结论缺乏可比性。本文构建居民-商业银行-实体企业三部门时变参数 DSGE 模型，采用白重恩（2006）国民核算法范式，采用MPK与全实体WACC对偶口径，提炼得到M1,tre,t=QMtrd,t这一收益等价核心恒等式。依托1999Q1-2026Q1跨国时序、全国年度、中国31省份季度面板三层数据，综合多套识别策略，分国别测算资本收益倍数Kt的破裂临界值：中国 1.801、日本 1.785、德国1.922，混合样本临界值1.803可作为类似制度特征工业化经济体的参考基准。当Kt跌破临界阈值时，存量货币持续从经营性活期向定期沉淀。纠正“单纯依靠放宽银行信贷供给就能改善货币结构、降息万能、紧盯历史比值调控”的政策误区。量化测算结果显示，累计新增 11.23 万亿元实体利润可修复收益闭环，经济体将自发形成适配现行制度的全新货币均衡比例。

宏观经济学长期面临主流模型测算自然利率与实体真实回报显著背离的“利率鸿沟”困境，传统HLW滤波、DSGE等方法在2020年代低增长、高债务环境中已普遍失效。本文基于无套利均衡原理，构建包含家庭、企业、金融中介的三部门一般均衡模型，推导出自然利率白箱测算公式，提出“自然利率即实体经济长期盈利盈亏平衡线”核心命题，构建与BIS、IMF等国际标准全面衔接的五维债务健康度评价体系。为使盈亏平衡线在经验上可直接观测，本文以同口径利息保障倍数（ICR=规上工业利润/规上工业财务费用）并取得31个省份23个年度的完整面板（其中2010—2024年可加总校验，31省加总与全国值基本一致，15个可比年份中14年比值恰为1.000），以及3944家上市公司的微观面板。检验得出三项发现：投资对利率缺口的响应始终不显著，而对付息安全度的响应稳健为正；付息安全度的效应存在门槛，省级与企业级两个独立样本分别得到3.971与3.905，相差仅0.066，脆弱区内效应约为安全区的3.36倍；此外，在驱动因素排序中，收入与需求始终构成主约束，脆弱区内需求侧的标准化效应约87%，付息线即便被激活也仅约13%。 由此，本文的核心命题确立为：不存在单一、普适的自然利率，存在的是分层约束结构——需求侧为始终起作用的主约束，盈亏线为条件性的次级约束，仅在利息保障倍数低于门槛值时被激活。需要预先说明的是，即便盈亏线被激活，其作用也显著弱于需求侧，因此它并非可直接用作政策锚的单一基准。据此本文给出三个读数：作为硬天花板的生存底线、作为政策临界点的约束激活线，以及实际政策利率。2024年三者分别为25.8%、6.49%与3.34%。缓冲区间呈两段式变化：2015—2020年平均1.58个百分点，2021—2024年扩大至3.69个百分点，这一变化为近年降息效果减弱提供了量化解释。

In emerging markets characterized by signiffcant information asymmetry, mitigat-ing firm-level risk is paramount for market stability. While the governance role ofinstitutional investors is known, the impact of their direct, on-the-ground engagementremains underexplored. This study’s objective is to investigate how institutionalinvestor site visits, a crucial hands-on governance mechanism, affect stock returnvolatility. Using a sample of Chinese-listed A-share firms from 2012 to 2022, wefind that frequent site visits significantly reduce firm-level stock return volatility.This risk-reduction effect is more pronounced for firms with greater agency problems,poorer ESG performance, and higher expropriation risk. Our analysis, robust toendogeneity concerns, indicates this effect is driven by improved external oversight.We conclude that direct institutional engagement is a vital channel for reducinginformation asymmetry, enhancing corporate governance, and ultimately promotingmarket stability by lowering investment risk.

Against the backdrop of recurrent global crises, economic uncertainty, and mounting environmental and social pressures, corporate resilience—defined as a firm’s capability to withstand external systemic shocks—has emerged as a critical determinant of long-term sustainability. This study empirically exames the effect of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance on corporate resilience in China’s A-share market, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment to identify causal effects. The sample comprises 651 A-share listed firms, excluding financial institutions, real estate firms, and ST/*ST companies, over the period from January 20, 2020, when the pandemic was officially announced in China, to June 30, 2024. ESG performance is measured as the average of 2018–2019 ratings issued by three major domestic agencies, thereby capturing firms’ pre-shock conditions and mitigating concerns of reverse causality. Corporate resilience is evaluated along two dimensions: resistance, measured by the severity of losses in net income, revenue, and stock price, and recovery, measured by the time required for ROA, EBIT, stock price, and Tobin’s Q to return to pre-shock levels. To ensure the robustness of the findings, this study employs linear regression models with industry-clustered robust standard errors, an instrumental-variable approach using R&D intensity and analyst coverage as instruments, and a Cox accelerated failure time model to estimate recovery duration. The empirical results indicate that stronger pre-shock ESG performance significantly enhances corporate resistance and shortens recovery time. Mechanism analyses further reveal that ESG strengthens corporate resilience by improving total factor productivity, alleviating financing constraints, and enhancing corporate reputation. These findings remain robust to multicollinearity diagnostics and a range of additional robustness tests. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence of the value of ESG in strengthening corporate resilience and offers important implications for firms, policymakers, and investors.