既有研究多基于广义货币M2展开总量分析，对交易货币M1的结构性损耗及其微观形成机制关注不足，难以完整解释我国“宽货币、弱实体”的典型特征。本文回归费雪原始交易方程的核心内涵，构建T1-T2-T3交易层级三分法分析框架，拓展Baumol-Tobin企业现金持有模型与银行资本约束下的信贷配置模型以搭建微观基础，引入M1灭失系数修正传统交易方程，设计债务利息消耗率与M1当期灭失率两项核心量化指标。研究利用2000—2024年省级季度面板数据，结合双向固定效应、Bartik工具变量、资管新规准自然实验、面板门槛模型与3SLS联立方程等多重识别策略展开系统检验。研究结果表明：债务利息消耗率每提升1个百分点，M1当期灭失率平均上升0.31个百分点，该因果关系在多重识别策略下保持稳健；M1灭失对民间投资的影响呈现单门槛非线性特征，省级面板临界值为7.24%，突破阈值后负向冲击强度放大2.4倍，全国年度口径阈值更高，且2019年以来已持续处于临界区间上方；交易收缩、乘数衰减、流动性约束、预期反转四重传导渠道的合计中介效应占比达42.7%；样本期内存在唯一结构性断点，时点位于2020年第一季度，此后债务对交易货币的挤占效应明显增强。研究结论可为疏通货币政策传导、优化债务治理框架提供可量化的结构性分析工具。

Behavioral theories suggest that investor misperceptions and market mispricing will be correlated across firms. We use equity and debt financing to identify common misval- uation across firms. A zero-investment portfolio (UMO, undervalued minus overvalued) built from repurchase and issue firms captures comovement in returns beyond that in some standard multifactor models, and substantially improves the Sharpe ratio of the tangency portfolio. Loadings on UMO incrementally predict the cross-section of returns on both portfolios and individual stocks, even among firms not recently involved in external fi- nancing activities. Further evidence suggests that UMO loadings proxy for the common component of a stock’s misvaluation.