Public emergencies reduce social welfare but may paradoxically stimulate corporate innovation through crisis-driven technological adoption. This study establishes a theoretical framework demonstrating that exogenous shocks create asymmetric innovation incentives, with digitally disadvantaged firms exhibiting stronger technological upgrading responses. Empirically, we construct a firm-level digital transformation index through textual analysis using a multi-source media database in China to show that digital transformation can endow firm resilience by boosting capital market performance during public emergencies, especially for those medium-sized enterprises due to the costs and need for digital transformation. This research adds to the evidence that public emergencies can leverage advanced technology adoption.

Based on the connectedness time-frequency domain decomposition method are adopted in this paper. With the help of network topology for visualization, the characteristics and transmission path of financial risks in the time-frequency domain under major emergencies are studied. The results show that after the occurrence of MPEs, the level of risk spillover in China's financial market usually decreases in the short term, medium term and long term. When the policy has a long time lag or the market reaction is not timely, the medium term risk spillover will be higher than the short term risk spillover.