统筹金融开放和安全是构建高水平开放型金融新体制的基本要求。本文以美国货币政策为切入点，先从实证角度分析美国加息对我国产出的影响，然后构建包含跨境金融关联的两国DSGE模型，定量分析美国货币政策的溢出效应及应对之策。研究发现，美国加息1个百分点使中国产出下降约0.4个百分点，其中贸易渠道和金融渠道分别使中国产出下降0.2个百分点。分析作用机制发现，UIP偏离机制使金融中介净值波动和汇率波动相互强化，外部融资溢价机制使金融中介净值波动和企业净值波动相互强化，正是这两个机制放大了美国货币政策的外溢效应。进一步研究发现，金融开放度越高和汇率越缺乏弹性，美国加息冲击对我国变量的传导效应越显著。基于不同的福利函数特征，本文构建了统一的政策评估框架，对宏观审慎政策和双支柱调控应对美国加息冲击的有效性作出了精准评估。结果表明，无论是针对国内金融机构信贷监管的宏观审慎政策还是针对跨境资本流动和外汇相关的宏观审慎政策，均能降低美国加息的溢出效应，且宏观审慎政策有效性与汇率制度无关。在联合最优政策组合下，货币政策无需对名义汇率作出反应，外汇市场要强化价格调控淡化数量干预。在货币政策和宏观审慎政策相互协调搭配下，双支柱调控通过维护经济金融稳定具有显著的社会福利增进效应。本文为构建高水平开放型金融新体制，以金融高质量发展加快推进中国式现代化提供了政策启示。

收益率非对称性定价是金融研究中长期存在争议的重要问题。本文创新性地提出了基于概率分布、反映收益率整体非对称性的新测度（Return Asymmetry, RA），首次为该争议提供了跨市场的系统性证据。研究发现：首先，RA测度在中、美等主要市场均能负向预测股票横截面收益率，其解释力较传统测度显著提升；其次，RA的定价优势源于其对收益率复杂分布信息的更全面捕捉，特别是能有效识别系统与特质非对称之间的交互效应；最后，通过博彩偏好、投资者情绪、关注度和套利限制等多维度渠道分析，证实行为因素是驱动收益率非对称性定价的核心机制。本研究不仅有助于弥合学术分歧，更建立了具有全球适用性的非对称定价分析范式。

摘要：本文首先简略分析了股票市场定价的发展，认为当今金融市场的股票定价方式没有完全反映出市场交易中的核心活动，即买卖双方博弈信息。在金融和商品全球化的时代下，应以复杂经济的动力学视角来看世界，以均衡博弈为新框架来观察和度量金融市场的交易，促成新的股票交易理论和技术体系。以股票买卖交易为例，当我们将时间因素抽出去，股票价格不再按时间序列排列，而用交易额与成交价格内积构造形成一个新的序列集，这样就强化了数据特征。利用强化（累加）数据序列，在本文提出的中式棋盘格坐标系中，利用复杂系统的粗粒化提升法，将成交额的序列数逐个累加，回归成买卖交易的两条单调递增曲线，然后求解到买卖曲线交点，这个交点所对应的价格就是均衡博弈价格，均衡博弈价格是一个二维的指标，它不仅有大小而且有方向（涨跌），这个博弈交点能够通过非线性动力学方程推导证明它是均衡条件下博弈的一个半稳定点。这样股票市场的定价方式除了当前以统计平均的方法，又有了以博弈为动力的定价方法。 均衡博弈定价方式能够衍生出很多股票交易的指标，如：日线、周线、月线等等，这当中最基础最具代表性的有两个，一个是“引”用ϕ表示，代表当天交易的涨跌和优势占比大于50%上涨占有；小于50%下跌占优。另一个是“势”用λ表示，代表一只股票涨跌的趋势。λ是一个股票买卖趋向指标，代表一方确定性的程度，确定性越高λ越小；确定性越小λ越高。当股票买卖趋向一致时，这个指标会收敛至一个常数0.666~0.525的区间。 本文中也给出了博弈价的应用实例，讨论了棋盘格坐标。另外，还探讨了复杂系统在金融其它方面的应用，例如虚拟货币。

Firstly, the article elaborates on the concepts of metaverse and industrial metaverse, pointing out that the metaverse has driven changes and optimizations in multiple dimensions such as urban form, social organization form, and industrial production form; Secondly, the metaverse has empowered urban governance in Guangzhou, improving the efficiency of urban management, enhancing the city's emergency management capabilities, improving the quality of interaction between people and the city, and promoting the construction of a smart city; Once again, the focus was on the practices and good results achieved by Guangzhou in utilizing blockchain technology, digital twin technology, generative artificial intelligence technology, unmanned aerial vehicles+AI and other technologies in urban governance and serving the public; Finally, it is clarified that metaverse related technologies will promote the integration of carbon based civilization and silicon-based civilization in urban and social governance. Humans can use silicon-based civilization technology to expand their living space and improve their quality of life, while silicon-based civilization can also draw inspiration from the culture and emotions of carbon based life, achieving more comprehensive development.

How does executive authority affect household behavior? I develop a model in which the executive branch of the government is partially constrained. These constraints credibly limit intervention under normal conditions but can be overridden when a sufficiently large fraction of the population is in distress. Households anticipate this and strategically coordinate their financial risks through public markets, creating collective distress that compels government bailouts. Weaker constraints lower the threshold for intervention, making implicit guarantees more likely. The model explains why implicit guarantees are prevalent in China and predicts that such guarantees may discontinuously emerge elsewhere as executive constraints gradually weaken.

This paper investigates whether increased female representation on corporate boards affects firms’ bond financing costs. Exploiting the 2017 Big Three’s campaigns as a plausibly exogenous shock, we document that firms experiencing larger increases in female board representation, induced by the campaigns, experience significant reductions in bond yield spreads and improvements in credit ratings. We identify reduced leverage and enhanced workplace environment as key mechanisms, and show that the effects are stronger among firms with greater tail risk and information asymmetry. An alternative identification strategy based on California’s SB 826 regulatory mandate yields consistent results. Our findings suggest that board gender diversity enhances governance in ways valued by credit markets.

This paper reconciles the debates on carbon return estimation by introducing the concept of equity duration. Our findings reveal that equity duration effectively captures the multifaceted effects of carbon transition risks. Regardless of whether carbon transition risks are measured by emission level or emission intensity, brown firms earn lower returns than green firms when the equity duration is long due to discount rate channel. This relationship reverses for short-duration firms conditional on the near-term cash flow. Our analysis underscores the pivotal role of carbon transitions' multifaceted effects on cash flow structures in understanding the pricing of carbon emissions.

This study identifies an incentive-compatible mechanism to foster individual environmental engagement. Utilizing a dataset comprising 100,000 randomly selected users of Ant Forest—a prominent personal carbon accounting platform embedded within Alipay, China's leading BigTech super-app—we provide causal evidence that individuals strategically engage in eco-friendly behaviors to enhance their credit limits, particularly when approaching borrowing constraints. These behaviors not only illustrate the green nudging effect of BigTech but also generate value for the platform by leveraging individual green actions as soft information, thereby improving the efficiency of credit allocation. Using a structural model, we estimate an annual green value of 427.52 million US dollars generated by linking personal carbon accounting with BigTech credit. We also show that the incentive-based mechanism surpasses green mandates and subsidies in improving consumer welfare and overall societal welfare. Our findings highlight the role of an incentive-aligned approach, such as integrating personal carbon accounts into credit reporting frameworks, in addressing environmental challenges.

This study examines how classified boards affect workplace safety, an important dimension of employee welfare. Using comprehensive establishment-level injury data from the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration and a novel classified board database, we document that firms with classified boards experience 12-13% lower workplace injury rates. To establish causality, we employ instrumental variable and difference-in-differences approaches exploiting staggered board declassifications. The safety benefits of classified boards operate through increased safety expenditures, reduced employee workloads, and enhanced external monitoring through analyst coverage. These effects are strongest in financially constrained firms and those with weaker monitoring mechanisms. Our findings support the bonding hypothesis that anti-takeover provisions facilitate long-term value creation by protecting stakeholder relationships and provide novel evidence that classified boards benefit rank-and-file employees, not just executives and major customers. The results reveal an important mechanism through which governance structures impact employee welfare and challenge the conventional view that classified boards primarily serve managerial entrenchment.

This paper employs a proprietary data set on commodity producers’ profit margins (PPMG) and establishes a robust positive relationship between commodity producers’ profitability growth and future returns of commodity futures. The spread portfolio that longs top-PPMG futures contracts and shorts bottom-PPMG futures contracts delivers a statistically significant average weekly return of 36 basis points. We further demonstrate that profitability is a strong SDF factor in commodity futures market. We theoretically justify our empirical findings by developing an investment-based pricing model, in which producers optimally adjust their production process by maximizing profits subject to aggregate profitability shocks. The model reproduces key empirical results through calibration and simulation.