普惠金融对国家发展至关重要。本文采用2011-2017年中国数字普惠金融指数和国家统计局省级面板数据，研究数字金融的发展对环境污染的影响、作用机制与地域异质性。首先，通过基础回归分析发现普惠金融对环境污染具有显著的削减效应。其次，引入居民生活消费水平作为中介变量进行机制分析，结果表明虽然普惠金融对居民生活水平提升起促进作用，但是由于生活水平对环境污染的正向中介效应，仍会造成污染加剧。然后异质性分析发现对于东部沿海地区与西部边远地区，普惠金融对环境污染具有显著负向影响。最后进行总结，填补普惠金融领域的研究空白，为政府在提升经济效率的同时协同生态环境提供启示与建议。

Fintech firms mobilize information technology to provide intermediation services using a broker methodology, whereas dealer banks intermediate using leveraged balance sheets. The integration of Fintech into banking may reduce the unit cost of intermediation by shifting the production function from dealer to broker. A “Fintech score” is derived using nonlinear and machine learning algorithms that show on-balance sheet lending for low Fintech score dealer banks versus securitization, brokered deposits, and non-interest income for high score, broker banks. Using Data Envelopment and Stochastic Cost Frontier Analyses, we find that banks with higher Fintech scores are more operationally efficient and resilient in crises.

In recent years, numerous Chinese peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms have collapsed, prompting us to investigate the regulation and monitoring of the fintech industry. Using a unique dataset of P2P lending platforms in China, we investigate the effect of the information environment on regulatory monitoring and platform collapse. Using the platforms’ proximity to regulatory offices as a proxy for information asymmetry, we show that an increase in distance reduces regulatory monitoring and increases the likelihood of platform collapse. Specifically, for every 1% increase in the driving distance between the local regulatory office and a P2P lending platform’s office, the platform’s likelihood of collapse increases by 1.011%. To establish causality, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis that exploits two exogenous shocks: government office relocation and subway station openings. We provide evidence that proximity enhances monitoring quality by facilitating soft information collection, reducing platform failures. We further find two channels of this effect: (1) the information channel through which greater regulatory distance reduces the likelihood and frequency of regulators’ on-site visits and (2) the resource-constraint channel, through which greater regulatory distance significantly increases the local regulatory office’s monitoring costs. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the acquisition of soft information for regulatory monitoring to ensure the viability of fintech firms.

混合所有制改革是我国社会主义基本经济制度的重要实现形式,对我国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文基于产业链的垂直市场结构设计理论模型,从控制权角度探讨混合所有制企业中的国有持股比例与产业链中双重边际化现象的关系。研究表明,存在国有持股比例阈值,当国有持股比例高于阈值时,产业链中不会出现双重边际化现象,反之则相反。市场竞争状况影响产业链整体利润、上下游利润分配规则和市场需求规模,从而作用于该阈值,影响双重边际化。与水平市场结构相反,由于上下游产品间互补效应的存在,垂直市场结构中市场竞争程度越强时,双重边际化现象越易出现,该现象也越易阻碍产业链整体利润提升,在推进混合所有制改革时需要加以关注。因此,依据市场竞争指标设计混合所有制改革措施时,务必要严格区分水平或垂直市场,关注不同市场结构下竞争程度对政策实施后市场竞争均衡的不同影响。

本文在我国保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定及实施创新驱动发展战略的现实背景下,从债券融资的视角,探讨债务结构优化对企业创新的影响。研究发现,债券融资与企业创新之间显著正相关,表明债券融资优化企业债务结构、提升企业创新能力的积极作用占据主导地位。进一步研究表明:（1）债券融资能够通过降低整体债务融资成本并延长整体债务期限促进企业创新;（2）债券融资对于银行贷款存在溢出效应,即企业通过债券融资,还能降低银行贷款利率、延长银行贷款期限,进而促进企业创新;（3）产品市场竞争和代理问题会在一定程度上削弱债券融资对企业创新的促进作用;（4）不同类型的债券对企业创新能力的作用存在异质性,债券发行的便利性是其影响企业创新的一个重要因素。

已有研究较少关注资本市场制度变革所发挥的宏观调控作用。本文以2014年新股定价制度调整为场景,考察发行市盈率管制对企业上市融资、再融资以及后续投资活动的影响。研究发现,发行市盈率管制导致公允估值较高的企业通过操纵股本规模、"压线"发行等方式减少上市时出售的股份,上市融资规模显著降低,但这些企业在上市三年内再融资的概率和规模显著上升。同时,发行市盈率管制显著降低了公允估值较高的企业在研发、并购等资金需求量大、风险较高项目上的投资支出。本文的研究结果表明,尽管企业会设法绕开政策的限制,但发行市盈率管制对企业股权融资效率、重大投资活动的不利影响也不容忽视。本文的发现对监管机构全面理解新股定价制度的经济后果,从宏观层面平衡新股定价制度的利弊具有重要的参考价值。

We estimate real losses arising from the cross-sectional misallocation of financial liabilities. Extending a production-based framework of misallocation measurement to the liabilities side of the balance sheet and using manufacturing firm data from the United States and China, we find significant misallocation of debt and equity in China but not the United States. Reallocating liabilities of firms in China to mimic U.S. efficiency would produce gains of 51% to 69% in real value-added, with only 17% to 21% stemming from inefficient debt-equity combinations. For Chinese firms that are large or in developed cities, we estimate lower distortionary financing costs.

We use administrative registration records with information on the owners of all Chinese firms to document the importance of “connected” investors, defined as state-owned firms or private owners with equity ties with state-owned firms, in the businesses of private owners. We document a hierarchy of private owners: the largest private owners have direct investments from state-owned firms, the next largest private owners have equity investments from private owners that themselves have equity ties with state owners, and the smallest private owners do not have any ties with state owners. The network of connected private owners has expanded over the last two decades. The share of registered capital of connected private owners increased by almost 20 percentage points between 2000 and 2019, driven by two trends. First, state owned firms have increased their investments in joint ventures with private owners. Second, private owners with equity ties to state owners also increasingly invest in joint ventures with other (smaller) private owners. The expansion in the “span” of connected owners from these investments with private owners may have increased aggregate output of the private sector by 4.2% a year between 2000 and 2019.

政策试点在我国是逐步推行各种政策的重要阶段。目前的文献集中于分析各类试点效应， 但对试点过程中具体机制的区分还有待探索。被试点的对象发生变化，可能是由于受到更多的关注和 监督、外界改变了对它们的评价、或者试点政策干预之外的扶持等因素，而并非由于试点政策的具体 干预措施而产生，称为“非干预效应”。本文以国有企业混合所有制改革为研究对象，利用双重差分 法发现，当试点名单公布之后，试点企业的业绩发生改善，而此时改革的具体措施尚未实施。进一步 的分析排除了国企高管的晋升激励和合作客户资源增多的解释，支持财务费用降低的论断。本文的发 现对试点政策的事前设计和事后评估有重要的政策意义。

以往针对中美贸易摩擦只能进行宏观层面或行业层面的分析，或是只能在微观层 面上进行有限分析，根本原因在于数据限制，而本文通过将海关数据库与上市公司数据库进 行匹配，对超过 300 万条海量数据进行分析，首次直接检验了对美出口对上市公司创新的影 响。结果表明，对美国出口极大地促进了我国企业的创新，且当中美两国处于贸易摩擦时， 受打击的企业通过增强自主创新予以应对，并且该促进效应在未来三年内持续存在。另外， 本文不仅限于对中美两国间贸易的研究，而是纳入到整个国际贸易格局中进行比较，并首次 发现不同国别和地区对我国企业创新的影响是不同的。文中运用 PSM、动态 DID 模型、 Heckman 两阶段检验等多种方法进行稳健性检验，结论保持不变。本文的研究结论印证了 一个事实，二十多年来我国对美出口贸易迅猛增长的背后是企业在困境中坚持不懈、追求创 新的结果，中国企业的韧劲和自强不息的精神由此展现。本研究将为我国未来的贸易政策制 定提供理论和数据支持。