本文实证研究了数字普惠金融的实施对中国东、中及西部地区城乡居民收入结构的影响。研究发现，数字普惠金融首先有利于收窄城乡之间的人均可支配收入差距，且具有地区间的非均衡效应；其次有利于收窄城乡之间的工资性收入差距、财产性收入差距和转移性收入差距，但对于城乡经营净收入差距的影响甚微；再次通过收窄城乡之间的工资性收入差距、财产性收入差距和转移性收入差距，使得城乡总收入差距减少，且工资性收入差距的中介作用力最大。文章最后以收窄我国各地区内城乡收入结构各分项的差距为目标，对数字普惠金融发展提出了相应的对策建议。

十九届五中全会要求“民生福祉达到新水平”，提升居民幸福感已成为我国未来经济社会发展的重要目标，而数字普惠金融能够为提升民生福祉提供新思路与新路径。因此本文通过探讨数字普惠金融对居民幸福感的理论机制，将省级数字普惠金融指数与 CFPS 公开数据相结合，实证检验了数字金融对居民幸福感的影响，并从覆盖广度、使用深度以及数字化程度三个维度进行分析，以此深入探究数字普惠金融对居民幸福感的影响路径。研究发现，数字普惠金融以及三个细分维度的发展均能显著提升居民幸福感。通过分样本异质性分析，发现数字普惠金融的发展对于教育落后及经济落后地区居民的幸福感有更强的促进作用，这体现出了数字金融普惠性的特征，为数字普惠金融发展提供新思路，为制定提升居民幸福感的经济政策提供决策依据。

普惠金融对国家发展至关重要。本文采用2011-2017年中国数字普惠金融指数和国家统计局省级面板数据，研究数字金融的发展对环境污染的影响、作用机制与地域异质性。首先，通过基础回归分析发现普惠金融对环境污染具有显著的削减效应。其次，引入居民生活消费水平作为中介变量进行机制分析，结果表明虽然普惠金融对居民生活水平提升起促进作用，但是由于生活水平对环境污染的正向中介效应，仍会造成污染加剧。然后异质性分析发现对于东部沿海地区与西部边远地区，普惠金融对环境污染具有显著负向影响。最后进行总结，填补普惠金融领域的研究空白，为政府在提升经济效率的同时协同生态环境提供启示与建议。

Fintech firms mobilize information technology to provide intermediation services using a broker methodology, whereas dealer banks intermediate using leveraged balance sheets. The integration of Fintech into banking may reduce the unit cost of intermediation by shifting the production function from dealer to broker. A “Fintech score” is derived using nonlinear and machine learning algorithms that show on-balance sheet lending for low Fintech score dealer banks versus securitization, brokered deposits, and non-interest income for high score, broker banks. Using Data Envelopment and Stochastic Cost Frontier Analyses, we find that banks with higher Fintech scores are more operationally efficient and resilient in crises.

In recent years, numerous Chinese peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms have collapsed, prompting us to investigate the regulation and monitoring of the fintech industry. Using a unique dataset of P2P lending platforms in China, we investigate the effect of the information environment on regulatory monitoring and platform collapse. Using the platforms’ proximity to regulatory offices as a proxy for information asymmetry, we show that an increase in distance reduces regulatory monitoring and increases the likelihood of platform collapse. Specifically, for every 1% increase in the driving distance between the local regulatory office and a P2P lending platform’s office, the platform’s likelihood of collapse increases by 1.011%. To establish causality, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis that exploits two exogenous shocks: government office relocation and subway station openings. We provide evidence that proximity enhances monitoring quality by facilitating soft information collection, reducing platform failures. We further find two channels of this effect: (1) the information channel through which greater regulatory distance reduces the likelihood and frequency of regulators’ on-site visits and (2) the resource-constraint channel, through which greater regulatory distance significantly increases the local regulatory office’s monitoring costs. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the acquisition of soft information for regulatory monitoring to ensure the viability of fintech firms.

混合所有制改革是我国社会主义基本经济制度的重要实现形式,对我国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文基于产业链的垂直市场结构设计理论模型,从控制权角度探讨混合所有制企业中的国有持股比例与产业链中双重边际化现象的关系。研究表明,存在国有持股比例阈值,当国有持股比例高于阈值时,产业链中不会出现双重边际化现象,反之则相反。市场竞争状况影响产业链整体利润、上下游利润分配规则和市场需求规模,从而作用于该阈值,影响双重边际化。与水平市场结构相反,由于上下游产品间互补效应的存在,垂直市场结构中市场竞争程度越强时,双重边际化现象越易出现,该现象也越易阻碍产业链整体利润提升,在推进混合所有制改革时需要加以关注。因此,依据市场竞争指标设计混合所有制改革措施时,务必要严格区分水平或垂直市场,关注不同市场结构下竞争程度对政策实施后市场竞争均衡的不同影响。

本文在我国保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定及实施创新驱动发展战略的现实背景下,从债券融资的视角,探讨债务结构优化对企业创新的影响。研究发现,债券融资与企业创新之间显著正相关,表明债券融资优化企业债务结构、提升企业创新能力的积极作用占据主导地位。进一步研究表明:（1）债券融资能够通过降低整体债务融资成本并延长整体债务期限促进企业创新;（2）债券融资对于银行贷款存在溢出效应,即企业通过债券融资,还能降低银行贷款利率、延长银行贷款期限,进而促进企业创新;（3）产品市场竞争和代理问题会在一定程度上削弱债券融资对企业创新的促进作用;（4）不同类型的债券对企业创新能力的作用存在异质性,债券发行的便利性是其影响企业创新的一个重要因素。

已有研究较少关注资本市场制度变革所发挥的宏观调控作用。本文以2014年新股定价制度调整为场景,考察发行市盈率管制对企业上市融资、再融资以及后续投资活动的影响。研究发现,发行市盈率管制导致公允估值较高的企业通过操纵股本规模、"压线"发行等方式减少上市时出售的股份,上市融资规模显著降低,但这些企业在上市三年内再融资的概率和规模显著上升。同时,发行市盈率管制显著降低了公允估值较高的企业在研发、并购等资金需求量大、风险较高项目上的投资支出。本文的研究结果表明,尽管企业会设法绕开政策的限制,但发行市盈率管制对企业股权融资效率、重大投资活动的不利影响也不容忽视。本文的发现对监管机构全面理解新股定价制度的经济后果,从宏观层面平衡新股定价制度的利弊具有重要的参考价值。

We estimate real losses arising from the cross-sectional misallocation of financial liabilities. Extending a production-based framework of misallocation measurement to the liabilities side of the balance sheet and using manufacturing firm data from the United States and China, we find significant misallocation of debt and equity in China but not the United States. Reallocating liabilities of firms in China to mimic U.S. efficiency would produce gains of 51% to 69% in real value-added, with only 17% to 21% stemming from inefficient debt-equity combinations. For Chinese firms that are large or in developed cities, we estimate lower distortionary financing costs.

We use administrative registration records with information on the owners of all Chinese firms to document the importance of “connected” investors, defined as state-owned firms or private owners with equity ties with state-owned firms, in the businesses of private owners. We document a hierarchy of private owners: the largest private owners have direct investments from state-owned firms, the next largest private owners have equity investments from private owners that themselves have equity ties with state owners, and the smallest private owners do not have any ties with state owners. The network of connected private owners has expanded over the last two decades. The share of registered capital of connected private owners increased by almost 20 percentage points between 2000 and 2019, driven by two trends. First, state owned firms have increased their investments in joint ventures with private owners. Second, private owners with equity ties to state owners also increasingly invest in joint ventures with other (smaller) private owners. The expansion in the “span” of connected owners from these investments with private owners may have increased aggregate output of the private sector by 4.2% a year between 2000 and 2019.