We introduce a novel perspective on private information, specifically microstructure-based private information, to unravel how institutional investors predict stock returns. Using tick-by-tick transaction data from the Chinese stock market, we find that in retail-dominated markets, institutional investors positively predict stock returns, consistent with findings from institution-dominated markets. However, in contrast to the traditional view that institutional investors primarily rely on value-based private information, our results indicate that microstructure-based private information contributes almost as much to their predictive power as value-based private information does, with both components jointly accounting for approximately two-thirds of the total predictive power of institutional order flow. This finding reveals that retail investors’ trading activities significantly impact institutional investors, naturally forcing them to balance firm value information with microstructure information, thus profoundly influencing the price discovery process in the stock market.

Recent studies highlight the resurgence of state capitalism, with the state increasingly acting as equity investors in private firms. Why do state--business equity ties, including partial and indirect state ownership in private firms, proliferate in weakly institutionalized contexts like China? While conventional wisdom emphasizes state-driven explanations based on static evidence, I argue that regulatory risk reshapes business preferences, prompting firms to seek state investors and expanding state--business equity ties. These ties facilitate information exchange and signal political endorsement under regulatory scrutiny. Focusing on China's crackdown on the Internet and IT sectors, difference-in-differences analyses of all investments from 2016 to 2022 reveal a rise in state--business equity ties post-crackdown. In-depth interviews with investors along with quantitative analysis, demonstrate that shifts in business preferences drive this change. This study shows the resurgence of state capitalism is driven not only by the state but also by businesses in response to regulatory risks.

气候投融资缺口是制约人类气候适应进程的全球性难题，如何通过宏观经济政策有效支持气候适应性投资，是我国现阶段应对气候风险冲击提升经济韧性的重要议题。本文构建嵌入气候适应型财政货币政策的气候灾难风险模型，考察气候适应性投资缺口的产生机理以及通过宏观经济政策缩小缺口的效果。研究发现：第一，气候灾难风险冲击增大、金融摩擦上升会扩大气候适应性投资缺口。第二，气候适应再贷款政策通过降低金融摩擦产生的信贷风险溢价，气候适应补贴政策通过定向补贴气候适应性投资的边际收益，分别从金融供给侧和企业需求端缩小气候适应性投资缺口。第三，气候适应型财政政策和货币政策通过支持气候适应性投资，能够有效缓解气候灾难风险对经济金融系统的负面冲击，两类政策对经济金融系统的支持效果存在差异，并且政策协调搭配具有更强的经济金融稳定效果。第四，为完全弥补气候适应性投资缺口，气候适应再贷款和气候适应补贴的最优政策支持力度需要根据气候灾难风险冲击大小动态调整。两类政策均能够提高社会福利，并且政策协调搭配相较于单一政策具有更高的社会福利增进效果。

本文基于2010—2022年中国上市公司面板数据，以“国家大数据综合试验区”的设立作为准自然实验，从数字经济的视角，探讨大数据试验区的设立与企业ESG绩效的关系。研究发现，大数据试验区的设立显著提升了企业的ESG绩效，激发了企业的数字化转型动力，尤其是对企业的环境治理（E）和社会治理（S）维度的提升效果更为显著，体现了数字化政策在中国数字经济发展过程中对于企业规范约束的作用。第二，机制研究表明大数据试验区的设立使明显促进了当地企业的数字化程度，此外，区位导向性政策可以有效规范约束企业数字化转型，从而促进企业ESG绩效的提升。第三，大数据试验区能够更好地促进东部地区、资本和技术密集型企业以及非高新技术企业，并未实现均衡发展，仍存在区域和企业间差异。本文结论不仅有助于深化理解以大数据试验区为代表的数字产业政策对企业发展的作用效果，也为地方政府依托大数据试验区，抢抓数字经济发展的新机遇，深度挖掘数据要素价值，提供了有力的政策支持。

We construct a daily Chinese Housing Market Sentiment Index by applying GPT-4o to Chinese news articles. Our method outperforms traditional models in several validation tests, including a test based on a suite of machine learning models. Applying this index to household-level data, we find that after monetary easing, an important group of homebuyers (who have a college degree and are aged between 30 and 50) in cities with more optimistic housing sentiment have lower responses in non-housing consumption, whereas for homebuyers in other age-education groups, such a pattern does not exist. This suggests that current monetary easing might be more effective in boosting non-housing consumption than in the past for China due to weaker crowding-out effects from pessimistic housing sentiment. The paper also highlights the need for complementary structural reforms to enhance monetary policy transmission in China, a lesson relevant for other similar countries. Methodologically, it offers a tool for monitoring housing sentiment and lays out some principles for applying generative AI models, adaptable to other studies globally.

全球化与数字化的深度融合正在重塑全球人才管理格局，对中国企业而言，国际法律环境的复杂性与多样性带来了前所未有的挑战和机遇。 在深入剖析国际劳动法、税收法规、数据隐私保护以及跨文化法律差异后可知， 国际法律的复杂性不仅影响企业的人才吸引、 管理与留用政策，还直接关系到企业的全球竞争力和可持续发展。 为了有效应对这些挑战，中国企业需要构建全面的全球法律合规治理体系、培养跨文化领导力、优化全球薪酬与激励机制、借助数字化技术提升人才管理效率以及强化企业社会责任与可持续发展战略，以期在全球市场竞争中取得领先地位，从而塑造更具活力与包容力的国际商业生态体系。

This paper investigates how transparency in lawsuit information affects capital allocation and aggregate industrial production. Greater transparency enhances the availability of information about firms' fundamentals, which can influence resource distribution. We exploit regional variations in courts' compliance with mandated judicial document disclosures in China, implemented since 2014, as a natural experiment. For firms with initially high marginal revenue products of capital (MRPK), a 10-percentage-point increase in legal transparency results in a 4.4% increase in physical capital and a 7.9% reduction in MRPK, relative to firms with lower MRPK. Additionally, regions with higher transparency experience a rise in aggregate output. Further analysis differentiating firms by ownership type, public listing status, and industry-level contract intensity enhances the robustness of our findings.

当代社会，文化认同与歧视问题日益凸显，特别是在全球化背景下，不同文化间的交流与碰撞愈发频繁。加拿大华人社区作为多元文化交融的一个缩影，其文化认同的复杂性和独特性备受关注。面对歧视挑战时，文化认同如何发挥作用？又该如何加强文化认同教育，以促进社区的健康发展？这些问题不仅关乎加拿大华人社区的未来，更对全球多元文化的和谐共存具有深远意义。

We examine the effect of minority shareholder voting rights on labor investment efficiency using a sample of Chinese firms. Taking advantage of the difference-in-difference setting, our study reveals that the expansion of minority shareholder voting rights has a detrimental effect on labor investment efficiency. Through analysis of holding period and a managerial shortsightedness index based on textual analysis, we find that this outcome can be attributed to the fact that minority shareholders typically prioritize short-term gains over long-term corporate growth. Moreover, the impact of voting power is more pronounced in determining the investment efficiency of rank-andfileemployees. Our results are more significant for firms that face severe financial constraints, are non-state-owned enterprises, exhibit lower levels of internal control, possess fewer female managers, demonstrate lower human capital quality and higher labor intensity. Taken together, our paper suggests that minority shareholders could be myopia in making labor decisions.

立足于当前民营企业“反向混改”积极推进和 ESG 实践蓬勃发展的大背景,文章以2010—2020 年存在国有资本参股的 A 股民营上市公司为样本,检验国有股东委派董事对民营企业善待员工的影响、机制及边界条件。结果发现,国有股东委派董事显著提升了民营企业的员工责任分数,有利于民营企业善待员工。机制分析表明,国有股东委派董事通过提供资源支持和增加社会关注促进民营企业履行善待员工的社会责任。异质性分析表明,上述结果在管理层短视程度较高、行业集中度较高以及劳动密集度较低的样本中更加显著。进一步考虑国有股东的异质性特征发现,当国有股东为战略型投资者以及与民营企业位于同一注册地时,其委派董事对民营企业善待员工的促进作用更加显著。文章从董事会层面混合治理的视角厘清了国资参股促进民营企业善待员工的机制和作用条件,为民营企业通过制度设计实现“高质量”混合以及借助“反向混改”的契机改善ESG 实践提供了一定的启示。