This study examines the effects of acquirer characteristics, information asymmetry on method of payment of Chinese acquirers based on a sample of 1370 mergers and acquisitions that occur between 1998 -2008. Using both Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns (BHAR) and Calendar Time Abnormal Returns (CTAR) approaches, we find that Chinese acquirers experience pre-acquisition abnormal returns ranging from 14.29%-121% over the period 12-36 months prior to the acquisition relative to 3 different portfolio benchmarks. In the pre-bid period, acquisitions financed by shares outperform acquisitions financed by cash. However, in the post-acquisition period, we document no significant difference between cash- and equity-financed acquisitions. We document a number of factors that determine the method of payment by Chinese acquirers: acquirer market value, Tobin’s Q, state ownership and leverage have significant effects on the method of payment.

本文基于Jensen&Murphy(1990)论文的计量思想，采用2009年到2012年的上市公司样本数据观察高管薪酬与公司绩效之间的相关性，发现尽管上市公司高管薪酬与公司绩效之间是正相关的而且在统计上也是显著的，但是这种相关性显然是比较小的。本文认为目前中国上市公司高管的薪酬结构并不合理，尽管高管薪酬的决定因素与公司绩效相关，好的公司绩效对应较高的高管薪酬，但薪酬中来自于绩效的激励性部分太小因而很难起到激励的作用，而决定上市公司高管薪酬的主要因素是公司规模和所处行业。

提 要：简要分析了传统商品货币五大职能在法币金融体系中的演化、突出强调了法币征税与分配新职能、简介了几种代表性货币锚理论、提出基于平均劳动生产率货币锚理论的超主权货币新金融体系建设设想、分析了法币悖论原因及其法币多样化管理策略、同时强调了用好法币的几个基本条件。

In the developing Chinese capital market which dominated by individual investors and potentially suffer from more behavioral biases, we simultaneously examine the trading and monitoring role of mutual funds (as the largest institutional investor in China) in corporate acquisition activities where there are potentials for a wide disparity of interest between institutional investors and controlling shareholders. We find the level of holding by all mutual funds is not a superiors indicator of deal quality, there are some evidence that the collective holdings by the largest fund management companies positively relate to the deal quality and they potentially play the monitoring role in M&A event. Our paper contributes to the existing literature that “transient investors” can also gain from monitoring in the market where institutional investors has less dominant position.

本文以2008年全球金融危机为研究背景，以中国上市公司为研究样本，从公司层面研究企业微观特征对于金融危机冲击的影响，并进一步从股票回报率和财务业绩两方面考察货币政策和财政政策是否起到了预期的效果。我们发现：就金融危机冲击而言，行业特征、公司偿债能力，尤其是短期偿债能力，对于公司的表现有显著的影响，而且危机前扩张速度快、估值水平高的公司在金融危机冲击中表现更加脆弱。与已有的针对其它国家研究结论的不同，我们并没有发现公司治理对公司在危机中的表现有显著影响的证据。就政策效果而言，货币政策并没有起到纾缓公司流动性困难和财务困境的作用；四万亿财政政策仅在短期内对其重点支持行业的公司起到了刺激作用，但就长期而言也没有起到预期的效果。

We study the impact of directors with foreign experience on firms in emerging markets. To establish causality, we use a unique dataset from China and exploit that at different times, Chinese provinces introduced policies to attract highly talented emigrants. These policies led to an exogenous increase in the supply of Chinese individuals with foreign experience in the local labor market and ultimately increased the likelihood that firms in these provinces had directors with foreign experience in comparison to firms with a similarly high demand for these skills elsewhere. We document that hiring directors with foreign experience results in higher firm valuation, productivity, and profitability. Furthermore, corporate governance improves and firms are more likely to make international acquisitions, to export, and to raise funds internationally. These results indicate that the transfer of knowledge to emerging markets occurs not only through foreign investment, but also through labor flows and, in particular, return migration.

This paper investigates the link between firm headquarters location and firm stock return co-movements in a sample of Chinese firms spanning the years 1999 to 2007. The empirical results show a strong co-movement pattern of firms located in the same province. Moreover, both firm-level and provincial-level factors are found to influence this co-movement, including firm size and ownership structure at firm level and GDP per capita and financial depth at provincial level. A subsample of firms listed in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange shows that better firm-level information quality reduces local co-movements.

基于我国32家商业银行2003-2011年的年度非平衡面板数据，本文实证检验了银行信贷行为对宏观经济周期变化的反应，并考察了股权结构变化对其所产生的影响。结果显示，我国银行业的信贷总量增速和中长期贷款占比表现出逆周期特征，短期贷款比例与之相反；第一大股东持股比例和国有股占比的提高均会强化银行信贷总量增速的逆周期性，外资持股比例的增加则会弱化该特征；在经济下行周期中，国有持股比例较高的银行会加强中长期贷款投放力度，外资股占比较高的银行则会削减短期贷款投放规模。

】三农问题是实现全面建成小康社会的重大议题，也是我党工作的重中之重。农村经济的发展关键在于农村金融的带动，尽管近几年 我国不断深化金融体制改革，例如农村信用社、村镇银行已经取得显著的效果，但是局部地区的问题还没得到完全的解决，经济发展参差不齐，由 于市场经济存在自发性，盲目性，滞后性，导致落后的农村地区的金融服务仍存在较多问题。而在这种情况下，在市场的驱使下盈利性企业单位不 可能进一步解决三农问题，所以仍强调市场化的调控手段失效，因此我们需要公益慈善行为作为市场化的补充。 本文试图提供一种政府扶持下新型的P2P公益性助农贷款模式，在此模式下，发挥政府的作用，对现有市场下的农村金融体系进行补充和完 善，鼓励公益性金融机构填充农村市场的空白，利用先进的信息网络技术管理，激励资金流入到需要特殊帮扶的农业部门和农村弱势群体，弥补市 场经济的缺陷，构建社会主义和谐社会。

It has been long that literature in financial academics focuses mainly on price and return but much less on trading volume. In the past twenty years, it has already linked both price and trading volume to economic fundamentals, and explored the behavioral implications of trading volume such as investor’s attitude toward risks, overconfidence, disagreement, and attention etc. However, what is surprising is how little we really know about trading volume. Here we show that trading volume probability represents the frequency of market crowd’s trading action in terms of behavior analysis, and test two adaptive hypotheses relevant to the volume uncertainty associated with price in China stock market. The empirical work reveals that market crowd trade a stock in efficient adaptation except for simple heuristics, gradually tend to achieve agreement on an outcome or an asset price widely on a trading day, and generate such a stationary equilibrium price very often in interaction and competition among themselves no matter whether it is highly overestimated or underestimated. This suggests that asset prices include not only a fundamental value but also private information, speculative, sentiment, attention, gamble, and entertainment values etc. Moreover, market crowd adapt to gain and loss by trading volume increase or decrease significantly in interaction with environment in any two consecutive trading days. Our results demonstrate how interaction between information and news, the trading action, and return outcomes in the three-term feedback loop produces excessive trading volume which includes various internal and external causes. Finally, we reconcile market dynamics and crowd’s trading behaviors in a unified framework by Shi’s price-volume differential equation in stock market where, we assume, investors derive a liquidity utility expressed in terms of trading wealth which is equal to the sum of a probability weighting utility and a reversal utility in reference to an outcome. JEL Classifications: G12, G02, D83 （长期以来，金融学术领域里的文献只注重价格和收益率，却较少研究交易量。在最近的二十年里，金融学术文献已经开始研究价格和交易量两者与经济基本量之间的相互关系，并且探讨交易量的行为内涵，例如投资者对风险的态度、过度自信、不同观点以及关注程度等等。然而，我们还是对交易量的认识知之甚少。本文根据行为分析，用交易量概率来表示市场群体的交易频率，并且通过我国股市来实证检验涉及交易量与价格之间不确定关系的两种适应性假说。实证结果表明：市场群体在每日交易的时间窗口内除了采用简单的经验法则之外，同时还采用有效的适应性方式来从事股票交易，并且逐步倾向于形成一个结果和认同的资产价格；无论该资产价格是否明显地被高估或低估，市场群体在相互作用和竞争的过程中往往能够形成这样一个稳态的均衡价格。这表明了资产价格不仅包含了基本价值同时还包含了非公开信息、投机、情绪、关注、赌博和娱乐等价值。此外，在任意两个连续交易日之间，市场群体在与市场环境的相互作用过程中，通过交易量的增加或减少来有效地适应盈亏。我们的研究结果说明了在由信息、交易与收益结果三项构成的反馈环中，它们之间的相互作用是如何导致了过度交易的，这其中包含了导致过度交易的各种内外因素。最后，我们假设股票市场中的投资者是通过交易财富来产生流动性效用，它等于概率加权效用与相对于结果为参照系的反转效用之和，从而推导出Shi氏价-量微分方程，将市场动力学行为与群体交易行为协调在一个统一的框架体系。）