We examine the effects of issuing green bond on green premium and green signal transmission by matching green bonds with ordinary bonds. We find that the credit spread of green bonds is significantly lower than that of ordinary bonds, especially for those green bonds with lower information disclosure complexity. Besides, issuing green bonds cannot receive a positive response from the stock market, but can significantly reduce issuer’s loan costs and provide more financial subsidies for high polluting issuers. Furthermore, by obtaining discounted loans and financial subsidies, issuing green bonds can increase issuer’s R&D intensity and reduce their carbon emissions. These findings indicate that issuing green bonds can reduce financing costs and convey green signals to market stakeholders with less investment experience.

本文聚焦渐进式延迟退休政策对城镇职工基本养老保险的影响，采用精算平衡模型法，以2024年官方数据为基期，对比基准情景（无延迟退休）与政策情景的基金运行差异。研究发现，该政策通过延长缴费年限、扩大参保基数实现基金增收，通过减少退休领取人数放缓支出增速，显著改善基金财务状况：2030年、2035年、2040年政策情景较基准情景分别多结余2.4万亿元、3.9万亿元、14.1万亿元，基金可持续年限延长。研究证实，渐进式延迟退休能有效抵御人口老龄化冲击，为养老保险制度改革提供缓冲期。

云南省作为我国地震灾害最严重的地区之一，其巨灾保险制度建设对防灾减灾和经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于云南省 2015 年以来的地震巨灾保险试点实践，系统梳理了试点探索、初期实践与模式升级三个阶段的发展历程，总结出制度碎片化、财政依赖与基差风险三大核心问题。研究发现，试点制度存在时空覆盖失衡与短期化运作的可持续性困境，财政主导模式抑制了市场需求，指数保险的基差风险问题导致保障有效性不足。针对上述问题，本文提出构建“多支柱、多层次、可持续”的地震巨灾风险共治体系，通过差异化产品设计、需求侧改革与数据驱动技术赋能，推动政府、市场与社会协同治理。研究结论为边疆多民族地区巨灾保险制度创新提供了理论框架与实践路径，对完善国家巨灾风险管理体系具有重要参考价值。

We investigate whether a firm’s decision on green bond issuances is influenced by the green bond issuances by other firms in the same industry. We find that a firm is significantly more likely to issue green bonds after observing that other firms in the same industry have previously issued green bonds. This effect cannot be explained by the issuer’s supplement to their previous issuances, incentive policies, and industry competition. Furthermore, we show that issuing green bonds can bring significant positive stock excess returns, which increases the motivation for institutional investors to learn and drive other firms in the same industry they hold to issue green bonds. Our findings indicate that the peer effect can be driven by social learning of the common ownership among firms and explain the reason for the rapid increase in green bond issuance.

This study investigates the influence of smart supply chain management on the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance of Chinese manufacturing firms spanning from 2009 to 2022. Our findings reveal a positive association between smart supply chain management and enhanced ESG performance, a relationship consistently upheld across various analytical methodologies. Additionally, we uncover that smart supply chain practices stimulate corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, contributing to heightened transparency and subsequently bolstering ESG metrics within firms. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that the positive effect of smart supply chain management on ESG outcomes is particularly pronounced among firms that are operating in less competitive and more environmentally impactful industries, receiving heightened media scrutiny, and influenced by Confucian principles. This research provides actionable insights for firms seeking to advance their ESG initiatives.

Copper resources are widely used in power networks and clean - energy tech like PV panels, wind turbines, and NEVs. Restricted by domestic resources, China's copper supply chain is vulnerable with risks. Based on six supply - chain stages, this paper builds an assessment system for China's copper supply - chain risks. By adopting an improved Benefit of Doubt (BOD) model, this paper has systematically evaluated the risks in the whole copper supply chain, revealing the trends and deep-rooted causes of these risks. The findings of this study reveal that: (1) The supply chain risk of China's copper resources presents a significant upward trend over the past 15 years; (2) The current supply chain risks in copper are mainly concentrated at the stages of import, production, and application; and the recycling risk has a great potential for reducing the copper supply chain risks in the future. Based on these findings, this paper proposes two policy recommendations: (1) Develop diversified channels for importing copper resources and optimize overseas investment patterns and; (2) Improve the domestic supply capacity of secondary copper resources and reduce the risks at the recycling stage.

The relationship between ESG factors and corporate performance is contentious, partly due to the literature's neglect of organizational demographic differences. Using data from 5,127 Chinese companies (2009-2022), we empirically analyze ESG's impact on corporate performance, factoring in the demographic heterogeneity of executive teams. Our findings indicate that although ESG indeed enhances corporate performance, its conversion effect is significantly influenced by the vertical dyads of gender and education within the top management teams (TMT). Additionally, our extended analysis reveals that these two types of vertical dyads exhibit distinct structural characteristics.

We conducted a nationwide field experiment with 4,800+ Chinese-listed companies, randomly raising ESG concerns to their management teams via high-visibility and high-stakes online platforms. Tracking the full impact-generating process, we find that companies respond to our concerns by providing high-quality answers, publishing ESG reports, and making commitments to investors. Over time, Environmental (E) inquiries boost stock valuations, while Governance (G) concerns prompt skepticism. Productive and opaque firms are more likely to respond, consistent with a signaling model where costly ESG actions signal firm quality under information asymmetry. Overall, ESG actions are likely driven by profit-oriented signaling rather than values-based motives.

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This paper explores the impact of Confucian culture on the environmental management practices of firms, utilizing data from A-share listed companies in China from 2009 to 2022. The study reveals several significant findings: (1) Firms in regions with a stronger presence of Confucian culture are more likely to adopt environmentally responsible management practices; (2) Confucian culture enhances firms' environmental management through three channels: promoting innovation, easing financing constraints, and reducing managerial myopia, with particular emphasis on alleviating financing constraints; (3) Regional environmental regulations mitigate the positive influence of Confucian culture on firms' environmental management practices. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the determinants of corporate environmental management and emphasizing the critical role of cultural factors, particularly in overcoming financial barriers, in corporate decision-making.