防范化解系统性风险，除了要有未雨绸缪的“先手棋”，还要有见招拆招的“对攻术”。由于系统性风险有时隐藏很深并且具有突发性，因此，提前做好发生债务危机时的应对方案是防范化解系统性风险的重要一环。本文将债务危机中的传染性和道德风险纳入动态一般均衡模型，根据包含三个变量的贝尔曼动态规划法和三维相位图分析，发现政府可以采用四步法判断是否对发生债务危机的个体机构采取应对措施。根据真实数据估算的参数进行数值模拟，美国银行危机中政府应该在危机爆发时就采取应对措施，这样损失仅为132.23亿美元，如果晚一周采取应对措施，损失会增加到6918.87亿美元；温州民间借贷危机中政府应该在危机爆发后1——5个月内采取应对措施，这样损失仅为700亿元，如果晚半年采取应对措施，损失会增加到1561亿元。本文的研究为防范化解系统性风险见招拆招的“对攻术”提供简单易操作的方案。

We introduce a deep visualization (DV) framework that turns conventional commodity data into images and extracts predictive signals via convolutional feature learning. Specifically, we encode futures price trajectories and the futures surface as images, then derive four deep‑visualization (DV) predictors, carry ($bs_{DV}$), basis momentum ($bm_{DV}$), momentum ($mom_{DV}$), and skewness ($sk_{DV}$), each of which consistently outperforms its traditional formula‑based counterpart in return predictability. By forming long–short portfolios in the top (bottom) quartile of each DV predictor, we build an image‑based four‑factor model that delivers significant alpha and better explains the cross‑section of commodity returns than existing benchmarks. Further evidence shows that the explanatory power of these image‑based factors is strongly linked to macroeconomic uncertainty and geopolitical risk. Our findings reveal that transforming conventional financial data into images and relying solely on image-derived features suffices to construct a sophisticated asset pricing model at least in commodity markets, pioneering the paradigm of image‑based asset pricing.

Banks have a significant funding-cost advantage if their liabilities are protected by bailout guarantees. We construct a corporate finance-style model showing that banks can exploit this funding-cost advantage by just intermediating funds between investors and ultimate borrowers, thereby earning the spread between their reduced funding rate and the competitive market rate. This mechanism leads to a crowding-out of direct market finance and real effects for bank borrowers at the intensive margin: banks protected by bailout guarantees induce their borrowers to leverage excessively, to overinvest, and to conduct inferior high-risk projects. We confirm our model predictions using U.S. panel data, exploiting exogenous changes in banks' political connections, which cause variation in bailout expectations. At the bank level, we find that higher bailout probabilities are associated with more wholesale debt funding and lending. Controlling for loan demand, we confirm this effect on bank lending at the bank-firm level and find evidence on loan pricing consistent with a shift towards riskier borrower real investments. Finally, at the firm level, we find that firms linked to banks that experience an expansion in their bailout guarantees show an increase in their leverage, higher investment levels with indications of overinvestment, and lower productivity.

We leverage machine learning to introduce belief dispersion measures to distinguish different opinion (DO) and information asymmetry (IA). Our measures align with the human-based measure and relate to economic outcomes in a manner consistent with theoretical prediction: DO positively relates to trading volume and negatively linked to bid-ask spread, whereas IA shows the opposite effects. Moreover, IA negatively predicts the cross-section of stock returns, while DO positively predicts returns for underpriced stocks and negatively for overpriced ones. Our findings reconcile conflicting disagree-return relations in the literature and are consistent with Atmaz and Basak (2018)’s model. We also show that the return predictability of DO and IA stems from their unique economic rationales, underscoring that components of disagreement can influence market equilibrium via distinct mechanisms.

中共二十届三中全会强调要健全高质量充分就业促进机制，就业是最大的民生，如何扩大就业对社会稳定和经济发展意义重大。本文基于投入产出表数据构建企业宏观层面的数字化转型指标，并基于中国31个省份代表性报纸构建中国省级行政区经济政策不确定性指数，考察企业数字化转型对经济政策不确定性与劳动力就业规模关系的影响。研究发现，经济政策不确定性对劳动力就业存在破坏效应，数字化转型能够有效缓解经济政策不确定性对劳动力就业的不利影响。机制检验发现，数字化主要通过减弱企业对经济政策不确定性的感知度、缓解企业融资压力和减弱企业金融化动机的途径缓解经济政策不确定性对劳动力就业的破坏效应。异质性分析表明，这一缓解作用在东部地区、知识产权保护强地区和国有属性企业效果更强。此外，数字化转型对第三产业和中高技能劳动力就业规模的缓解效果更强，有助于提升就业质量。本文基于企业数字化角度为高效减轻经济政策不确定对劳动力就业的破坏效应提供了新的经验证据。

通货膨胀如何影响资产价格？经典的“债务-通胀”渠道认为，通胀将降低债务的实际价值并将财富由银行转移至企业。而本研究发现，不同监管环境下通胀会引起银行和企业间非单调的价值转移。理论分析结果表明，在债券违约率更高、回收率更低的松监管环境下，通胀使得回收率上升，实际价值从企业向银行转移；在违约率较低、回收率较高的严监管环境下，通胀使得名义债务贬值，实际价值从银行向企业转移。本文利用1994-2025年的A股数据，提供了支持分析的经验证据：08金融危机引发对银行监管的关注和巴塞尔Ⅲ导致了银行价值对通胀的暴露由正转至长期为负，而影子银行的发展又重新降低了银行对通胀的负向暴露。基于DSGE的量化模型中，货币政策与通胀冲击会产生符合分析的价值转移结果。本文为通胀对资产价格和实体经济的影响提供了一个新的研究视角，为货币政策制定与银行监管提供了重要的关注对象和货币非中性的证据。

We examine how mutual funds form stock market expectations and the implications of these beliefs for asset returns, using a novel text-based measure extracted from Chinese fund reports. Funds extrapolate from recent stock market and fund returns when forming expectations, with more recent returns receiving greater weight. This recency tendency is weaker among more experienced managers. At the aggregate level, consensus expectations positively predict short-term future market returns, both in and out of sample. At the fund level, expectations are positively related to subsequent fund performance in the time series. In the cross-section, however, superior performance arises only when funds accurately forecast market direction and adjust their portfolios accordingly. This effect is stronger for optimistic forecasts and among funds with greater exposure to liquid stocks. Our findings highlight the conditional nature of belief-driven performance, shaped jointly by forecasting skill and the ability to implement views in the presence of execution frictions such as short-selling and liquidity constraints.

With fintech growth and smartphone adoption, e-wallets, which enable instant transactions while offering cash management products with financial returns, have become increasingly prevalent. Using a unique dataset from Alipay, the world’s largest e-wallet provider, we find that holdings in Yu’EBao—an investment product usable for payments—are less affected by interest rate changes than similar assets without payment functions. This effect is stronger for users who depend on Yu’EBao for daily spending, during peak payment periods, or among less experienced investors. Our findings show that Yu’EBao reduces retail fund flow to riskier assets by 7.7% for every one-percentage-point interest rate cut, dampening monetary policy transmission through the portfolio rebalancing channel.

随着互联网经济的发展,互联网评论渗透在人们生活的方方面面。为了研究Twitter上关于新能 源汽车的大量评论情绪是否是TESLA的股价波动产生的原因, 本论文假设从Twitter收集到的用户情绪 数据与TESLA股票市场价格相关。并采取CS新能车指数399976和Twitter上的关于新能源汽车的评论情 绪数据与CS新能源车指数的股价数据进行格兰杰因果检验。研究结果表明中国投资者情绪是指数价格 变化的主要原因,且投资者对新能源汽车指数的正面冲击是短期的,长期来看情绪对股票价格的影响将 会消失。

就业是最基本的民生，也是实现高质量发展的重要目标。实施包括地方政府债务置换在内的“逆周期”财政调节政策对促进企业劳动力雇佣、实现“稳就业”目标具有重大意义。本文从产业关联度视角出发，基于2010-2016年全国税收调查数据，采用广义双重差分法实证检验了债务置换政策对企业劳动雇佣的影响。研究发现，债务置换具有“稳就业”效应，并且与政府关联度更高的基建行业受到债务置换影响更为显著，机制分析结果表明，债务置换通过缓解企业融资约束，促进欠款偿还缓解企业流动性约束，改善企业预期等机制促进企业劳动力雇佣。本文的研究对准确评估2024年开始的新一轮债务置换政策效果，优化“逆周期”财政政策设计、实现“稳就业”目标具有重要的意义。