实现区域间技术要素的联通、转移与高效配置,需要破除阻碍技术要素自由流动的体制机制障碍。文章基于技术要素市场化配置机理,结合政府职能转变视角,通过观测 199 个城市之间技术要素流动的 39 402 种可能的路径,构建城市间“匹配流动模型”,实证分析了降低制度性交易成本对城市间技术要素流动的影响。论证指出：降低制度性交易成本可以使创新主体建立广泛的交流合作,促进技术要素的创造、运用及转化,实现其经济价值。从城市层面来看,具有较低制度性交易成本的城市能够吸引更多技术要素流入,该城市的技术要素也会更多地被其他城市接收。同时,城市间技术要素流动存在显著的“协同效应”和“虹吸效应”,即技术要素会更多在制度性交易成本较低的城市之间流动,并且制度性交易成本相对较低的城市的技术要素净流出更少。进一步的作用 机制分析表明,当地理距离和交通基础设施等客观因素导致的交通运输成本较低时,降低制度性交易成本可以更显著地促进技术要素在城市间流动。此外,当城市所处地区的创新创业活跃程度较高,对技术要素的需求较大时,降低制度性交易成本可以更加显著地促进技术要素流动及供需匹配。文章在一定程度上为“科斯定理”在技术市场中的应用提供了新的证据,探析了针对技术要素配置的科斯定理的内涵,可以为当前推动政府职能转变和优化公共服务提供理论依据,并为促进技术要素自主有序流动的改革举措提供政策参考。

Based on a unique arrangement of trading and disclosure times around earnings announcements in the Chinese stock market, we provide evidence of a striking overnight-intraday disparity in terms of the reaction to earnings news. Specifically, we find that the overnight period exhibits a strong and consistent reaction to earnings announcements, whereas the intraday period trades against both the earnings news and the prior market reaction during the overnight period. In addition, we show that abnormal overnight returns on earnings announcement days exhibit strong predictability for future stock returns, consistent with the overnight returns containing valuerelevant signals. In contrast, we observe no return predictability for abnormal intraday returns on earnings announcement days, which as a result, also undermines the return predictability of abnormal daily returns. We propose possible explanations for the overnight-intraday disparity. We conclude that the differences in trading mechanisms between the two periods as well as in investor composition likely drive the phenomenon.

We conduct a comprehensive study on momentum spillovers in the Chinese stock market using varioustypes of economic linkages. We find that the news co-mention momentum spillover is signiffcantly strongercompared to other forms of momentum spillovers. Using spanning tests and Fama-MacBeth regressions,we further show that the news co-mention momentum spillover uniffes all different forms of momentum spillover effects in the Chinese stock market. Notably, the analyst co-coverage momentum spillover effect, which is the dominant species in the US stock market, is subsumed by the news co-mention momentum spillover effect in the Chinese stock market. We further explore the differences in the information content of links implied by news co-mentioning and other proxies. We suggest that the dominance of news co-mention momentum spillover over others can be attributed to two primary factors: comprehensive information and prompt updates.

Under contemporary market conditions in China, the stock index has been volatile and highly reflect trends in the coronavirus pandemic, but rare scientific research has been conducted to model the nonlinear relations between the two variables. Added, on the advent that covid-related news in one time period impacts the stock market in another period, time delay can be an equally good predictor of the stock index but rarely investigated. This study utilizes high-frequency data from January 2020 to the first week of July 2022 to model the nonlinear relationship between the stock index, new covid cases and time delay under polynomial regression environment. The empirical results show that time delay and new covid cases, when modelled in a polynomial environment with optimal degree and delay, do present better representation (up to 16-fold) of the nonlinear relationship such predictors have with stock index for China. The representative delay model is used to project for up to 17 weeks for future trends in the stock index. From the findings, the prowess of the time delay polynomial regression is heavily dependent on instability in covid-related time trends and that researchers and decision-makers should consider modeling to cover for the unsteadiness in coronavirus cases.

The study reveals that the COVID-19 crisis has had a strong but one-off negative impact on the hedge fund industry. It also shows that during the new coronavirus pandemic, the main components of the hedge fund industry achieved only partially their main investment goal, i.e. they as a whole provided a hedge of the investment risk but did not produce higher than the market return in the conditions of a growing capital market. In this situation, due to the relatively stable М&A market, the Event-Driven Risk Arbitrage strategy was undoubtedly most successful, followed by the Emerging Markets, the Global Macro and the Long/Short Equity strategies. The worst performance was reported for the Fixed Income Arbitrage strategy due to the currently overvalued bond markets and to the expectations for higher inflation rates in the countries with developed capital markets.

股权激励会影响高管的环保态度,而高管环保态度与动机差异会导致企业不同的环境治理投入选择。文章基于 2009—2020 年我国沪深两市 A 股高污染企业的财务数据,考察了高管股权激励与企业环境治理投入的关系,探讨了高管股权激励影响环境治理投入的作用机制,并进一步分析了外部治理环境的异质性影响。研究结果表明：高管股权激励会抑制企业转移性环境治理投入,增加其实质性环境治理投入,提高企业环保积极性,该结论在考虑了内生性问题的影响后依然稳健；进一步研究发现,提升运营效率和抑制管理层短视是高管股权激励抑制转移性环境治理投入、增加实质性环境治理投入的重要机制；环境规制、市场竞争、媒体压力和分析师关注等具有调节效应,均能够强化高管股权激励与转移性环境治理投入的负向关系,促进高管股权激励与实质性环境治理投入的正向关系。文章的研究为我国企业治理和运营机制优化以及决策部门环境治理政策的完善提供了决策参考和经验证据。

This paper uses the IV-2SLS model to explore the impact of analyst attention on firms' internal and external innovation paths from a dynamic perspective of the life cycle. When firms are in the growth stage, the higher the analyst attention, the more firms will significantly increase their internal R&D efforts and make active technology acquisitions; As firms enter maturity, analyst attention plays a role in promoting R&D investment and corporate venture capital activities; When enterprises are in the recession period, firms are more inclined to innovate independently under the influence of analyst attention. This bias is more significant in non-state enterprises and high-tech enterprises. Further study finds that the interaction between analyst attention and firms' innovation path under different life cycles effectively enhances innovation output.

We examine the determinants and consequences of an important but understudied strategy in managing political risks—firm political alignment (FPA). Using a GPT large language model, we measure FPA as the extent to which firms align their actions and commitments with government agendas as presented in annual reports. Leveraging two political events in China, we find that: 1) as the anti-corruption campaign that started in 2012 and later spread across different provinces serves as a staggered shock that reduces the effectiveness of political ties, firms increase their FPA in response; 2) the extent of FPA largely mitigates the negative market reaction around the announcement of the common prosperity policy in 2021 which heightens policy uncertainty for non-state-owned firms. Overall, our findings provide novel evidence that firms engage in FPA to manage political risk.

Background and objective:In southern China, in 2021, there have been being in hot Summer in more than 67 cities, counties or areas, with the hot temperature 30 degrees Celsius and more than 30 degrees Celsius with the highest as 34 degrees Celsius.After the Chinese lunar year and the 24 Solar Term, the beginning of winter has passed 5 days. And there have 23 cities, counties or areas which the temperature have reached the highest 34 degrees Celsius. Which all are rare in the weather history in China in the aspects of the highest temperature as 34 degrees Celsius and in large part of southern China in early Winter. As the World Health Organization, the United Nations and the world have been striving for preventing and curing the climate changes. And have been paying special attention to the health impacts by the climate changes. In China, after the history hottest Summer suffered from by the Chinese in 2022. The Chinese have been continuing to suffer from the hottest temperature like Summer in the early winter. So the weather in China is not normal comparing to the post years. And it is sure that the climate changes impacts on Chinese in China in 2022 have been evidenced. As I have been being a senior doctor treating and preventing patients and promoting the public health more than 35 years. I have the duty and the motive to do something to prevent and cure the climate changes and their impacts on public health. So in this research I especially create and propose a new draft law, the China climate changes prevention law, to speed, administrate and guard China doing well in preventing climate changes in China and the world. Methods: Summarized the public health promotion and environment protection in China and in author own doing. Referenced the present new situation of climate changes in China and the world. Created the China climate changes prevention law in draft and in central strategies. Results: The China climate changes prevention law in central strategies as follows: 1.In order to prevent and cure the climate changes and their impacts on public health and mankind, the China climate changes prevention law must be created as soon as possible. 2.All Chinese people and every government department and any unit must pay special attention to the climate changes and their impacts on public health and mankind. And must be consider it as the first doing job among the all works in any unit. 3.China own scientific research must be done as early as possible and as deeply as possible to find the etiology and mechanism of the climate changes and their impacts on public health and mankind. When the etiology and mechanism research have gained achievements. The application must be done as soon as possible. 4.The present achievements of etiology and mechanism of the climate changes and their impacts on public health and mankind must be applied as soon as possible. 5.All the policies of the United Nations and its organizations for controlling the climate changes must be signed and applied totally and completely as soon as possible. 6.China should be the leader of controlling the climate changes in the world. The significant China strategies must be contributed to the world for controlling the climate changes as soon as possible as China is the biggest country in population. 7.From birth and kindergarten to the time before death,the knowledge of environment protection and climate changes prevention, cure must be educated constantly to every Chinese. 8.The precondition for organizing any new unit and old unit must pass the exam of climate changes prevention. The concrete policies must be created and documented. 9.All over the China, the inspection stations must be built to monitor the climate changes wrongly doing. 10.Regulations and their process must be built to punish any anti law doers who promote the the climate changes. Also, reward any people and units who have contributed significantly to the prevention of climate changes. 11.Cooperation with internationals must be indispensable. 12.As the village of the Earth, open policies must be built to let internationals to inspect, learn,study and cooperation,etc. in China. 13.As the climate changes impacts on the Chinese and the mankind, the medical support, research, prevention, treatment, education and other health promotion policies must be created and built to protect the Chinese and the mankind from harming by the climate changes. The universities, hospitals, institutes should operate the climate changes impacts medical science. 14.Summarizing the doings of the climate changes prevention constantly to make progress further. 15.Liberating the thoughts of the leaders and the ordinary people, throwing away any selfish doing of only pursuing own country economic development at the price of world climate changes impact worse in the Earth and the space. Conclusion: The China climate changes prevention law in draft comes from the candid invention of the author by summarized the present situation of climate changes impacts in China and the world. The 15 paragraphs of the new China climate changes prevention law is valuable, as up to now, China has not built this kind of law. This proposal of the new China climate changes prevention law is worthwhile to referenced by China lawmakers, world countries lawmakers, the UN and its organizations and related others.

Objective: In order to prevent and cure the more and more worse greenhouse effects, climate change impacts and living environment for man kinds, new dangerious factors must be found, identified and prevented. Method: Summarized and research the facts of China as the top consumer of refrigerant. So China is the top consumer and elininater of the Freon and alike chemicals. So call for preventing and curing the worse green house effects, climate change impacts caused by the Freon and alike chemicals. Results: As China is the biggest country in the world with 1.4billions people and top economic power. China should be the leader to control the Freon and alike chemicals, and the green house effect and the global warming. But now, China has been still being the top consumer of the Freon and alike chemicals or the top consumer of refrigerant. We must face squarely what shortcomings we have had. And correct it at once.As the facts tell us the Freon and alike chemicals have been the dangerious factors of the green house effect and the global warming. So we can create new policy and science to reduce and control the Freon and alike chemicals at once. And so on the green house effect and the global warming. Everywhere in China there has been being all air conditioners, ice chestn and refrigerators have been consuming and emitting the Freon and alike chemicals. After China had been producing main part of CFC of Freon in the world. And the CFC of Freon have been banned. China has been changing to HCFC of Freon and HFC of Freon as substitutes. It has been being known to all that every place in China, where people live and work. There must have air conditioners, ice chestn and refrigerators. From family households, factories, government offices, hospitals, tools of transportation, even the spacecrafts have been being equipped with air conditioners, ice chestn and refrigerators. All the air conditioners, ice chestn and refrigerators have been consuming and emitting the HCFC of Freon and HFC of Freon after CFC of Freon. Because the China is the biggest country in the world. The population of China is the much too more than any other country in the world. So the family households, factories, government offices, hospitals, tools of transportation must be much too more than any other country in the world. Therefore, the air conditioners, ice chestn and refrigerators also must be much too more than any other country in the world. At present, China must have been consuming and emitting the HCFC of Freon and HFC of Freon more than other countries. HCFC and HFC of Freon are not green products and environmental protection products Though HCFC of Freon has less effect to deplete the Ozone Layer. But it is not the perfect substances. Some HCFC of Freon have been being banned from usage. Which indicate that the HCFC of Freon are not green products and environmental protection products. While theoretically, the ODP (The Ozone Depletion Potential) of HFC of Freon is 0. But the Global warming potential(GWP) is very high. Therefore, the HFC of Freon are also not green products and environmental protection products. While China has been being the biggest and main producer and consumer of the banned CFC of Freon and the biggest and main producer and consumer of the HCFC and HFC of Freon. So Chinese air conditioners, ice chestn and refrigerators must make more Ozone Depletion and Global warming substances. Conclusion: The concrete policies must be created as soon as possible. Reducing the top consumer and elininater of the Freon and alike chemicals or create new chemicals without the worse green house effects, climate change impacts were China’s and world’s imperative policy.