• 详情 国内供应链构建水平与企业进口议价能力——基于上市公司的经验证据
    对于参与国际循环而言,构建国内大循环的意义何在?依托大国市场优势构建国内供应链,将对中国企业进口议价能力产生何种影响?文章通过综合利用中国上市公司供应链数据库、Wind上市公司数据库和中国海关数据库的匹配数据,研究发现:(1)“入世”以来,中国制造类上市公司的国内供应链构建水平及其进口议价能力均呈现出先抑后扬的发展态势。(2)国内供应链的构建有效增强了企业进口议价能力,该影响在高技术密集型部门、民营企业、沿海地区、加工贸易企业及全球价值链下游企业中的表现尤为显著。(3)进口替代效应、技术进步效应和企业成长效应是国内供应链促进企业进口议价能力提升的重要途径。(4)相对于省内供应链,突破本地市场边界的区域内供应链、跨区域供应链、全国供应链的构建,对于企业进口议价能力提升的作用更加明显。文章研究表明,以国内供应链构建进一步增强企业进口议价能力,应加快内资企业成长,培育国内供应链“链主”;依托超大规模市场潜力,提升国内生产配套能力;协调区域专业化分工,加快国内产业梯度转移。
  • 详情 Human Capital is the Driving Force for the Sustainable Development of Entrepreneurial Enterprises in the Digital Economy Era
    The rapid development of the digital economy is driving profound changes in production methods, lifestyles, and corporate governance. Human society has entered a new era where digital technology is rapidly advancing and playing an important role. In the era of digital economy, although the production (labor) tools of enterprises are digitized, intelligent, and networked, and new characteristics and scenarios have emerged in the operation and labor methods of enterprises, the human capital possessed by workers has become the driving force for the sustainable development of entrepreneurial enterprises. Workers who master digital technology play a decisive role in the sustainable and healthy development of entrepreneurial enterprises. The article briefly introduces the establishment and development of human capital theory, pointing out that in the digital economy era, human capital has greater potential for appreciation, and its marginal returns show a trend of increasing; Human capital is a key factor in economic growth and development. The surplus of producers in an enterprise refers to the income that producers receive in excess of their production costs. The owners of human resources should receive a portion of the investment return that should belong to human capital from the enterprise in the form of "producer equity", "labor stock", or equity incentives in proportion. Equity incentives have become an important corporate governance mechanism in the capital market. The article also elaborates on the modern partnership system, which can motivate partners to collaborate and innovate, and is an upgrade of the manager system; Briefly introduced the achievements made by Xiaomi Group and Huawei in implementing the business partner system.
  • 详情 Down Payment Requirements and House Prices: Quasi-Experiment Evidence from Shanghai
    Using the regression discontinuity design, a quasi-experiment approach, this paper establishes a causal relationship between the down payment requirement and house prices by exploiting a unique institutional background in Shanghai. In the unique setting, the required minimal down payment ratio jumps at the Inner Ring, a circular elevated highway, from 50% to 70% for a large group of buyers. With transaction level data from the largest real estate broker in Shanghai, we find that a lower required down payment ratio increases the apartment price by 138.8 thousand RMB, around 3.71% of the average transaction price.
  • 详情 我国应如何构建中国特色改装车保险
    伴随着汽⻋市场主要消费群体年轻化、追求个性化时尚潮流使得汽⻋ 改装成为汽⻋产业链的重要组成部分。由于国内缺乏具体针对改装⻋的法律法 规及汽⻋改装⾏业安全与质量监管标准,市场不规范且争议很⼤,消费者⾯对 改装⻋出险理赔难、配件承保难等问题。本⽂梳理对⽐美、英、⽇、德汽⻋改 装制度及法律,进⼀步根据《中华⼈⺠共和国道路交通安全法》、《中华⼈⺠ 公安部机动⻋登记规定》对改装⻋保险在中国的可⾏性进⾏阐述,对中国改装 ⻋保险定价模型进⾏初步设计。研究发现改装⻋保险在中国实⾏存在⼀定难度。 主要问题包括:现阶段法律制度尚不完善、改装⻋安全与性能⽆法保证、保险 欺诈难以识别等。据此,本⽂提出如下解决办法:中国政府和相关⾏业协会应 出台有关政策法规清晰划分合法改装⻋的范围;改装⻋⾏业需要坚持规范和标 准化,加强对⻋辆的安全评估和标准化管理,保证质量和安全性;保险公司需 结合实际情况来定价和赔付,依靠强⼤的信息系统和智能化的⻛险评估来减少 ⻛险。以此助⼒中国汽⻋产业和保险市场的创新与发展。
  • 详情 行业薪酬差距、协同创新策略与企业专利质量
    本文基于我国A股上市公司的财务数据和专利数据,考察了行业薪酬差距如何影响企业创新产出。基准结果表明,行业薪酬差距越小,则企业不仅有更多的专利申请数量和专利被引用数量,而且专利的经济价值更高。本文基于国企“限薪令”构造的双重差分模型,验证了基准模型的结论。进一步分析表明,行业薪酬差距缩小主要通过减少低价值专利的数量而提升了专利经济价值的均值,同时通过鼓励企业协同创新而降低了专利经济价值分布的分散程度。上述促进创新效应在融资约束强、非高技术企业,以及公司治理水平高的企业中更为显著。本文的研究结论为缓解管理层压力对企业创新的负面影响、激发企业家创新精神提供了重要的政策参考。
  • 详情 数字普惠金融对中国东部地区居民消费影响研究
    消费、投资和出口被称为经济增长的"三驾马车",是推动GDP增长的三个主要因素。 在后疫情时代背景下经济全球化面临逆流,投资的边际效益递减,再加上疫情对我国进出口 贸易的冲击,消费的重要性更加突显。金融市场发展对居民消费有着重要影响。我国政府早 在2013年就提出了发展普惠金融的目标,随着普惠金融的推广和数字金融的发展,两者之间 产生了紧密的关联。数字普惠金融凭借数字化、广覆盖、低成本的优势给居民带来安全便捷 的金融服务,降低风险感知,提升收入感知,从而影响消费。因此,在新的发展格局下,研 究数字普惠金融对居民消费的影响具有现实意义。 已有研究表明数字金融普惠指数的空间分布呈现地理和收入聚集性,且不同区域的居民 消费水平也存在较大差异,而我国东部地区经济发展水平和金融发展水平迅速,居民收入水 平相对处于高位,居民消费需求前卫,层次更加多元化,因此,将我国东部地区作为研究重 点,探讨消费理论可以综合考虑更广泛的消费需求和层次,有助于更深入地理解当前经济新 环境下居民的消费行为和理论。 通过固定效应回归我们发现,总体上来看数字普惠金融具有增加中国东部地区居民消费 的正向效益,数字普惠金融的发展有助于促进东部地区居民消费水平的提升。通过机制分析, 我们发现数字普惠金融通过提升社会保障水平、缩小城乡收入差距的中间机制提升居民消费 需求。从数字普惠金融对城乡居民消费水平差异的影响来看,数字普惠金融对城乡居民消费 水平的影响存在异质性,其对城镇居民消费的促进作用明显大于农村居民。
  • 详情 金融业应当让利吗?——基本事实、理论分析与全球实证证据
    针对当前国家和社会普遍关心的“金融让利”问题,本文提出,支持经济高质量发展,是现代金融业的使命,也是金融理论的核心理论问题,因而回答“应不应该让利、如何让利”的关键是理解金融业利润与经济发展的关系。在大量文献和经济学事实的基础上,本文将马克思生息资本理论与西方经济增长理论有机结合,将马克思“利息来源于利润”的著名观点融入现代经济增长框架,解释了金融业利润过高对经济增长的影响机制。基于全球面板数据的实证证据支持了模型的核心推论。本文的研究表明,促进金融业让利的根本在于构建合理的“产业-金融”利润分享机制,但绝不能搞“一刀切”,通过反垄断、提供公共信息、倡导金融机构社会责任,适度控制金融部门的议价优势,是增强金融服务实体经济能力的有效手段。
  • 详情 Policy Uncertainty Reduces Green Investment
    Government subsidies are often used to stimulate environment-friendly investment. We find that Chinese firms reduce green investment as the uncertainty of subsidies rises. This effect is identified from weather-driven fluctuations in air pollution that lead to fluctuations in subsidy allocations: Firms in cities where weather-driven subsidy uncertainty is high engage in less green R&D investment, patent applications, and research staff. Industries that are heavy emitters and those focused on environmental technologies are more affected. The results suggest that policy uncertainty may originate not only from political and macroeconomic shocks but from behavioral mechanisms that link policy to salient recent conditions.
  • 详情 The Largest Insurance Expansion in History: Saving One Million Lives Per Year in China
    The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) rolled out in China from 2003-2008 provided insurance to 800 million rural Chinese. We combine aggregate mortality data with individual survey data, and identify the impact of the NCMS from program rollout and heterogeneity across areas in their rural share. We find that there was a significant decline in aggregate mortality, with the program saving more than one million lives per year at its peak, and explaining 78% of the entire increase in life expectancy in China over this period. We confirm these mortality effects using micro-data on mortality, other health outcomes, and utilization.
  • 详情 过犹不及:发展中国家的经济结构转型与经济追赶
    持续的工业化是发展中国家经济增长的重要推动力。然而,现阶段发展中国家却在普遍经历制造业向服务业的结构转型。文章基于1979-2018年的跨国面板数据系统分析了发展中国家制造业向服务业结构转型对其经济追赶的影响。研究表明:(1)发展中国家制造业向服务业的结构转型会抑制其经济追赶,且“过早去工业化”的负面作用更显著,其作用通过劳动生产率和资本积累渠道实现。(2)发展中国家较高的人力资本、经济发展水平和制度质量可以削弱结构转型的负面影响。(3)较低的农业生产率、发达国家的人工智能应用和劳动力跨梯度转移是造成发展中国家“过早去工业化”的重要原因。(4)现阶段我国的制造业比重下降也不利于经济追赶,尤其是会阻碍中西部地区的经济追赶。因此,发展中国家应采取合理的产业政策防止“过早去工业化”,并通过提升农业生产率、吸引外资、合理引导劳动力流动等助推制造业转型升级。