We provide an easy method to identify purchases and sales initiated by retail investors using recent, widely available U.S. equity transactions data. Individual stocks with net buying by retail investors outperform stocks with negative imbalances by approximately 10 basis points over the following week. Less than half of the predictive power of marketable retail order imbalances is attributable to order flow persistence; contrarian trading (a proxy for liquidity provision) and public news sentiment explain little of the remaining predictability. There is suggestive (but only suggestive) evidence that retail marketable orders contain firm-level information that is not yet incorporated into prices.

Using multiple short sale measures, we examine the predictive power of short sales for future stock returns in 38 countries from July 2006 to December 2014. We find that the days-to-cover ratio and the utilization ratio measures have the most robust predictive power for future stock returns in the global capital market. Our results display significant cross-country and cross-firm differences in the predictive power of alternative short sale measures. The predictive power of shorts is stronger in countries with non-prohibitive short sale regulations and for stocks with relatively low liquidity, high shorting fees, and low price efficiency.

CEO与企业管理团队的非正式联结关系有助于强化团结协作，但亦可能催生监督妥协与缺位，弱化公司治理效率。本文以CEO任职以来董事高管人事变更的累积比率刻画CEO内部联盟，从企业金融化视角探讨该非正式联结关系在公司治理中扮演的角色及其内在机理。选取中国沪深A股2012-2021年上市公司为样本，本文研究发现：CEO内部联盟提高了企业配置金融资产的可能性，并显著加剧了企业“脱实向虚”程度，内部联盟强度每增加1个标准差，企业金融化程度约提高了6.37%。通过机制检验发现，CEO内部联盟弱化了董事会监督职能和内部控制有效性，CEO的绩效薪酬敏感性更低，且主要表现为绩效下滑时的薪酬粘性增加。异质性检验还发现，当产品市场竞争程度越强、企业跨行业套利空间越大、CEO薪酬更低以及外部薪酬差距更大时，CEO内部联盟对企业金融化的影响会更为明显。此外，当融资约束更弱时，企业金融化冲动受到CEO内部联盟的影响会更强。本文的研究表明，CEO内部联盟对公司治理的影响更多表现为监督妥协与缺位，会加剧企业金融套利的短视行为，这对于优化公司治理体系和防范企业“脱实向虚”都具有重要启示作用。

现有对导致公司过度投资的管理者代理与过度自信行为都是分开研究。本文在“现金流-成长 机会”框架下，通过直接度量管理者代理行为及管理者过度自信行为，对导致公司过度投资的理性与非理 性两类范式进行了区分检验，并进一步考察了产品市场竞争对管理者代理及过度自信引致过度投资的效果。 结果表明，我国企业过度投资问题，部分是由管理者滥用企业资源的行为所致，部分是由管理者过度自信 行为所致。产品市场竞争能够有效抑制两类行为导致的过度投资，且产品市场竞争通过抑制管理者代理行 为导致的过度投资的间接效应更显著。本研究为过度投资的管理者两类行为解释范式提供了新的证据；这 为今后公司投资效率提高、公司治理机制完善提供了新的参考。

Using a director-level dataset of board proposal voting by independent directors of public companies, we analyze the effects of career concerns and current reputation stock on independent directors in their voting behavior. Younger directors and directors in their second (and last) terms, who have stronger career concerns, are more likely to be aligned with investors rather than the managers. Their dissenting behavior is eventually rewarded in the market place in the form of more outside career opportunities. Directors with higher reputation stocks (measured by positive news media mentioning and the number of directorships) are also more likely to dissent. Finally, we find that career concerns are significantly stronger among directors who already enjoy higher reputation.

I show that issuing credit cards helps the bank compete for retail deposits in China. When credit card growth increases by 1%, retail deposit growth is expected to rise by 0.2% with regard to peers next year. This effect is stronger for small joint-stock banks compared with big state-owned banks. This is realized by introducing new credit card holders to visit the branch and open a savings account. DID test shows that after a shock that tightened new account opening, banks with higher credit card growth experienced a harsher decline in retail deposit growth. This paper highlights the customer introducing benefit of credit card promotion, which can provide an alternative explanation for the intensified competition in the credit card market in China. It also unveils the strategy that small banks can use to compete for the deposits of big state-owned banks, who intrinsically has more branches and retail customers.

This paper proposes a new forecasting framework for the stock market that combines machine learning algorithms with several technical analyses. The paper considers three different algorithms: the Random Forests (RF), the Gradient-boosted Trees (GBT), and the Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and performs forecasting tasks and statistical arbitrage strategies. The portfolio weight optimization strategy is also proposed to capture the model's return and risk information from output probabilities. The paper then uses the stock data in the Chinese A-share market from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020, and observes that all three machine learning models achieve significant returns in the Chinese stock market. The DNN achieves an average daily return of 0.78% before transaction costs, outperforming the 0.58% of the RF and 0.48% of the GBT, far exceeding the general market level. The performance of the weighted portfolio based on the ESG score is also improved in all three machine learning strategies compared to the equally weighted portfolio. These results help bridge the gap between academic research and professional investments and offer practical implications for financial asset pricing modelling and corporate investment decisions.

A deep learning method is applied to predict stock portfolio allocation in the Chinese stock market. We use 6 original price and volume series as benchmark model settings and further explore the model's predictive performance with social media sentiment. Our results show that our model can achieve a high out-of-sample Sharp ratio and annual return. Moreover, social media sentiment could increase the performance for both Sharp ratio and annual return while reducing annual volatility. We provide an end-to-end stock portfolio allocation model based on deep neural networks.

本文以2009-2020年针对我国A股上市公司的485,366份分析师报告为研究样本，考察了分析师利空关注对公司投资效率的影响。研究表明：第一，分析师的利空关注会同时抑制过度投资和缓解投资不足，对公司投资效率具有显著的提升作用。第二，当公司面临较大的卖空压力时，或分析师能力和努力程度更高时，分析师利空关注对公司投资效率的提升作用更突出。第三，基于双重纠偏LASSO（DoublyDebiasedLASSO）回归对影响机制的遗漏变量控制后，发现分析师利空关注对投资效率的积极影响同时存在卖空压力的“大棒效应”以及信息增强的“萝卜效应”。第四，基于因果路径分析法，对多个机制间相互重要性和关联性检验后发现分析师利空关注的“萝卜效应”要强于“大棒效应”，而机构投资者的直接作用要强于资本市场的间接作用。本文为探讨分析师在资本市场中的角色提供了新视角，补充了中国情境下分析师关注影响公司投资效率的经验证据。

现有研究发现，中国证券市场存在盈利季节性的股市异象：处于盈利淡季的股票在盈余公告期间会比处于旺季的股票获得更大的累计超额收益。如果管理层在盈余公告前发布业绩预告，能否有效地抑制投资者的非理性预期、降低盈余公告期间盈利季节性的股市异象？本文以2010至2020年A股上市公司为样本，分析发现：首先，A股市场在业绩预告期间也存在盈利季节性的股市异象。处于盈利淡季的公司在业绩预告期间比处于盈利旺季的公司平均可多获得2.1%的累计超额收益；其次，盈余公告和业绩预告期间，处于盈利淡季的公司比处于盈利旺季的公司有更大的股价波动率和股票交易量。第三，在盈余公告前发布业绩预告，能显著抑制盈余公告期间盈利季节性对收益率、股价波动率和股票交易量的预测能力。第四，自愿性业绩预告、与盈余公告的间隔时间越短的业绩预告抑制作用更明显。在更换盈利、盈利季节性、累计超额收益测度指标等一系列稳健性检验后，结论依然存在。表明管理层业绩预告能有效地降低投资者的非理性预期，提高股票定价效率。研究结果对市场建设和投资者决策均有一定的借鉴意义。