Prior literature shows that implied volatility spreads between call and put options are
positively related to future underlying stock returns. In this paper, however, we demon-
strate that the volatility spreads are negatively related to future out-of-the-money call
option returns. Using unique data on option volumes, we reconcile the two pieces of
evidence by showing that option demand by sophisticated, firm investors drives the posi-
tive stock return predictability based on volatility spreads, while demand by less sophis-
ticated, customer investors drives the negative call option return predictability. Overall,
our evidence suggests that volatility spreads contain information about both firm funda-
mentals and option mispricing.
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