2015年MLF常态化运作后，我国基础货币投放转向抵押品本位框架，十年期国债利率出现"加息灵敏联动、降息单边钝化"的非对称阻滞特征。本文构建四部门DSGE模型，匹配2006—2024年宏观月度面板与银企微观面板，综合运用NARDL、Bootstrap链式中介、内生门限回归等方法开展实证检验，并引入美、德、法、日四国构建跨国安慰剂对照。研究发现：不动产抵押框架通过存量M2锁定与银行负债淤积两条渠道推高M1-M2剪刀差，货币分层是降息传导受阻的核心中介闸门；2015年制度切换引发传导结构永久性塑性跳变，短端利率始终维持对称。微观面板验证了银行信贷配置倾斜与企业活期调整两类底层行为，跨国安慰剂检验证实长端钝化并非间接融资体系共性特征，而是不动产抵押货币制度的独有摩擦。本文据此提出短期逆周期调控与中长期多元抵押锚建设分层方案。

经典信用周期理论普遍将不动产抵押品视为信贷波动的核心驱动因素。中国宏观数据呈现出不同的经验特征：总量信贷增速与房价波动长期弱相关，抵押品渠道在总量层面近乎“隐形”。本文基于2008—2025年分部门信贷月度数据，结合NARDL模型、多重断点检验与门限回归方法，定位抵押品渠道的真实作用载体并量化其非对称强度。研究表明，逆周期调节显著平滑了总量信贷波动，总量层面不存在抵押品与信贷的长期均衡关系，渠道效应被整体稀释；抵押品渠道在住户部门显形，房价下行对住户信贷的收缩力度显著强于上行扩张效应，基准模型下抵押品非对称乘数（CAM）为1.55，跨16种滞后设定的稳健中位数为1.73。2014年信用锚转型后，住户信贷的抵押品弹性出现结构性跃升，分样本CAM由2.32升至2.79，结构突变在统计上高度显著。非金融企业信贷与房价基本脱钩，常态下对公端对住户端收缩的对冲比例仅约3%，总量隐形的主因是信号稀释而非反向对冲。机制分析显示，居民加杠杆行为的门限特征是非对称的核心根源，债务-通缩螺旋对下行冲击存在放大效应，银行资产组合多元化无法松动按揭合约内嵌的抵押约束，货币政策传导同样呈现“收紧有效、宽松乏力”的非对称特征。本文为理解中国信用周期的部门结构差异、优化逆周期调控工具提供了新的经验证据。

经典信用周期理论普遍将不动产抵押品视为信贷波动的核心驱动因素。中国宏观数据呈现出不同的经验特征：总量信贷增速与房价波动长期弱相关，抵押品渠道在总量层面近乎“隐形”。本文基于2008—2025年分部门信贷月度数据，结合NARDL模型、多重断点检验与门限回归方法，定位抵押品渠道的真实作用载体并量化其非对称强度。研究表明，逆周期调节显著平滑了总量信贷波动，总量层面不存在抵押品与信贷的长期均衡关系，渠道效应被整体稀释；抵押品渠道在住户部门显形，房价下行对住户信贷的收缩力度显著强于上行扩张效应，基准模型下抵押品非对称乘数（CAM）为1.55，跨16种滞后设定的稳健中位数为1.73。2014年信用锚转型后，住户信贷的抵押品弹性出现结构性跃升，分样本CAM由2.32升至2.79，结构突变在统计上高度显著。非金融企业信贷与房价基本脱钩，常态下对公端对住户端收缩的对冲比例仅约3%，总量隐形的主因是信号稀释而非反向对冲。机制分析显示，居民加杠杆行为的门限特征是非对称的核心根源，债务-通缩螺旋对下行冲击存在放大效应，银行资产组合多元化无法松动按揭合约内嵌的抵押约束，货币政策传导同样呈现“收紧有效、宽松乏力”的非对称特征。本文为理解中国信用周期的部门结构差异、优化逆周期调控工具提供了新的经验证据。

This paper reconciles the debates on carbon return estimation by introducing the concept of equity duration. Our findings reveal that equity duration effectively captures the multifaceted effects of carbon transition risks. Regardless of whether carbon transition risks are measured by emission level or emission intensity, brown firms earn lower returns than green firms when the equity duration is long due to discount rate channel. This relationship reverses for short-duration firms conditional on the near-term cash flow. Our analysis underscores the pivotal role of carbon transitions' multifaceted effects on cash flow structures in understanding the pricing of carbon emissions.

The study aims to explain the economic impact of Internet implication in tourism sector by taking sample of mega project listed countries (which provide big pitch to boost tourism business). Our work find the volatility cause of tourism revenue at country i, by examining the inbound tourist expenditures as a factor of technological infrastructure. We deploy data ranging from 1990 to 2017 and uses error correction model as representative of Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) model after addressing diagnostic tests (for data reliability concern). We found long- and short-run association between tourism expenditure and information and communication technology (ICT) proxies in case of developed economies, while only short-run association in underdeveloped countries. The startling scenario about underdeveloped economies are also confirmed by one-way causation in our analysis. After sensitive analysis at each slot, the study concludes that tourism revenue is streaming low across those boundaries where tourists a

This paper explores the factors that influence redistributive preferences in the context of significant economic transformation, focusing on the transition premium and growth. Using an online survey experiment with a nationally representative sample from China, we find that priming getting rich via relatively less meritocratic, yet representative ways under market transition in post-reform China reduces redistributive support, specifically for policies that aim to take from the rich and the belief in the government’s duty to redistribute, indicating the presence of a set of fairness views in China that deviate from the conventional meritocratic paradigm. Heterogeneous treatment effects analyses reveal that such non-meritocratic fairness views are a general phenomenon, and self-interest in the form of subjective economic pressure only serves as a secondary concern. While people feel that the rich are more deserving and demand less redistribution regardless of subjective economic pressure, only those under less economic pressure exhibit decreased support for policies that aim to help the poor. These representative ways of getting rich under market transition are similarly fair compared to winning a lottery, far less fair than a self-made entrepreneur, but much more legitimate than acquiring wealth through corruption. Priming China’s growth story does not result in statistically significant changes in redistributive support. Additionally, we rule out the influence of three relevant confounders: low tax salience, preference falsification under authoritarianism, and misperceptions about relative income positions and intergenerational occupational mobility. We argue that such non-meritocratic fairness views are particularly salient in societies that break away from a centrally-planned economic system in the past and transition towards a high-growth market economy, where economic opportunities are becoming more inclusive.

This paper reconciles the debates on carbon return estimation by introducing the concept of equity duration. We demonstrate that emission level and emission intensity yield divergent results for green firms, driven by inherent data problems. Our findings reveal that equity duration effectively captures the multifaceted effects of carbon transition risks. Regardless of whether carbon transition risks are measured by emission level or emission intensity, brown firms earn lower returns than green firms when the equity duration is long. This relationship reverses for short-duration firms. Our analysis underscores the pivotal role of carbon transitions’ multifaceted effects on cash flow structures in understanding the pricing of carbon emissions.

This paper focuses on how Chinese and global economic policy uncertainties (CNEPU and GEPU) and geopolitical risks (CNGPR and GGPR) affect the growth of inbound tourism in China using ARDL and NARDL models as well as monthly series of Chinese inbound tourism revenue and arrivals. Firstly, we find significant effects of CNGPR and GGPR as well as GEPU on the growth of inbound tourism in Hainan Province and even in China nationwide, while the impact of CNEPU is limited. Among them, GEPU always has a significant long-term negative impact on inbound tourism growth (both inbound tourism revenue and inbound tourism arrivals). However, CNGPR has a significant short-term negative impact on inbound tourism growth in China nationwide but it has a significant long-term negative impact on inbound tourism growth in Hainan Province. Besides, estimation results of NARDL model further show the significant short-term effects of GEPU and GGPR on the growth of inbound tourism arrivals in Hainan Province and even in China nationwide, and such short-term effects are always significantly asymmetric. Among them, the negative components of GGPR can always more influence the growth of inbound tourism arrivals. However, the positive components of GEPU can more influence the growth inbound tourism arrivals in Hainan Province, but the negative components of GEPU can more influence the growth of inbound tourism arrivals in China nationwide.

Using data from Chinese A-share listed firms from 2015 to 2022, a difference-in-differences model is employed to empirically examine the impact of bankruptcy regimes, marked by the establishment of the bankruptcy court, on firms’ total factor productivity (TFP). The results show a significant decline in TFP among firms in regions following the establishment of the bankruptcy court. This result remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism tests reveal that bankruptcy court heightens firms’ risk aversion by endowing excessive rights to creditors. Consequently, firms tend to downwardly adjust capital structure, curtail innovation investment, and accumulate liquid assets as coping measures, ultimately contributing to a decline in TFP. However, well-developed market mechanisms can alleviate the negative impact of bankruptcy court excessively protecting creditors. Specifically, when firms are located in regions with weak government intervention and strong financial development, as well as in market environments with low uncertainty and strong competition, this negative impact can be mitigated. Moreover, we find that under bankruptcy court operations, while a series of risk reduction measures taken by firms triggers a decline in TFP, it mitigates the risk of financial distress. These findings provide fresh insights into the dual nature of creditor protection and offer valuable references for governments to improve the bankruptcy legal system.

In recent years, the attempt to curb state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has resulted in dedicated rules in trade agreements. This paper reveals significant paradigm shifts in cross-border SOE regulation by exploring the emerging SOE rules and contrasting them with SOE disciplines in WTO agreements. First, the emerging SOE rules shift the emphasis from regulating trade measures to the competitive behaviour of SOEs. More importantly, the emerging SOE rules are characterized by excessive focus on behaviour analysis and a per se approach. Under a per se approach, a violation of the emerging SOE rules could be established regardless of whether the behaviour of an SOE caused a harmful trade or competition effect. Finally, in light of SOE reform in China, the article contends that the emerging SOE rules’ behaviour analysis deviate cross-border SOE regulation from its primary goal of levelling the playing field.