本文基于上海证券交易所“沪港通”开通以来三年的投资者账户逐笔交易数据构造了沪港投资者的跨境股票交易的比例, 并首次从微观视角分析了资本市场双向开放后跨境股票交易对A股市场定价效率的影响。研究发现：在横截面上，个股中“沪港通”投资者的跨境股票交易比例越高，其AH股溢价越低。进一步分析表明，跨境股票交易中机构投资者或来自香港的投资者参与程度越高更有助于降低AH股溢价。这一结论在一系列内生性和稳健性的检验之后依旧成立。本文又进一步发现这一效应在信息不对称程度更高的A股中更加明显，且伴随着股票流动性的上升。并且这一效应在资本市场单向开放的QFII和RQFII机制中没有出现。这一系列发现表明资本市场双向开放机制通过鼓励投资者积极参与跨境股票交易，改善了A股的投资者结构和市场信息环境, 并提高了市场定价效率。本文结论支持了在资本市场单向开放的基础上，进一步开放资本市场，将有助于改善A股市场质量。

In this article, we analyse investment preferences of domestic and foreign institutional investors to the management quality of Chinese listed firms. We find that foreign institutional investors hold higher shareholding in firms with greater numbers of executive officers with MBA degrees, having served as vice president or higher prior to joining the firm and sitting on multiple boards. Foreign institutional investors in China also show preference over investee firms with larger board size. However, they pay no attention to whether directors are independent from the firm management and meet often. Domestic institutional investors show preference to all management quality indicators that are associated with foreign institutional ownership. In addition, domestic institutional investors invest more in firms where the executive officers are certified public accountants (CPA) and are longer tenured in their current position. Furthermore, domestic institutional investors pay more attention to corporate governance of investee firms than foreign institutional investors. Finally, we find that domestic institutional investors show a strong preference to firms that have been invested by at least one Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII), even after controlling for QFII’s preference for management quality. This indicates that the QFIIs’ international reputation has been used by domestic institutional investors as a positive signal for investment opportunities.

本文通过搜集2008-2011年我国A股上市公司年报中的十大股东和十大流通股东数据，研究了QFII持股比例与上市公司现金股利政策之间的关系。实证结果表明：（1）QFII偏好进行现金分红的公司，而分红的公司也能够吸引QFII持股；（2）QFII持股能够促进上市公司现金股利支付率的提高，但是具有更高现金股利支付率的上市公司并不能吸引更多的QFII持股。上述结果表明QFII在改善我国上市公司现金股利政策方面起到了积极的作用，引入QFII制度有助于我国证券市场的健康稳定发展。

QFII在A股市场将近10年的投资实践为其提供了必要的绩效评价前提，而国内文献主要基于水平的视角、通过对国内投资同行（尤其是基金）的交易行为和投资对象（上市公司）的内外治理影响进行总量研究。在概念准备和指标选择的基础上，构建了考察其垂直分层绩效的理论框架，并且根据沪深A股市场的指数收益率变化，实证计量了依次推进的三个层次，以推进QFII评价的理论与实践，供A股市场的进一步开放规制参考。结论为负的一定的审批政策效应、正的微弱的资金数量效应和负的比较显著的策略溢出效应，据此给出了适度加大QFII的资金审批额度、恰当改进股票投资税收政策和完善信息披露机制的监管改进建议。

本文利用EC2SLS方法和系统GMM的动态面板模型估计和分析了中国双重上市公司A股和H股的交易价格差异的因素，包括制度层面和投资者心理及行为方面。本文发现，QFII的实施显著提高了H股对A股的相对价格，但是投资者心理和行为方面的因素起着较大的影响，国内投资者普遍存在的投机心理和其他非理性的投资理念使得中国H股和A股的价格差异不会在短期内消失。

This paper studies the links between fundamental value and market price of the companies listed in both mainland A-share and Hong Kong H-share markets. As the valuation model has been inadequately applied in the literature, this study theoretically clarifies that the dividends discount model (DDM) and it derivatives are suitable for firms, but not for general consumers and investors, to evaluate equity fundamental values. Thus, using DDM and its derivatives to determine the market price of equity, which has been done in many other studies, is problematic. This paper also empirically studies how accounting data determines fundamental values of equities using a pooled-data vector autoregressive method. It indicates that although fundamental value can be a benchmark for investors to price equity, prices of equity may deviate from fundamental values substantially for a long time due to differences in preference and the extent of risk aversion between A-shares and H-shares. Correlation between equity price and its fundamental value for H-shares is larger than the correlation for A-shares. This paper also explains why there has been a big price gaps between A-shares and H-shares with exactly the same yields rights. The estimates of fundamental value for each company help investors make rational investment decisions. It suggests that, in the long run, healthy development of Chinese securities markets will depend on the progress of privatisation and marketisation of the Chinese economy. Measures such as the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFII) and Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors (QDII) programmes should be adopted to improve the efficiency of financial resources utilisation in mainland China, despite the short-run pressure that may put on A-share markets.

运用结构向量自回归模型，本文对中国A、B股市场上成交量、收益率与波动率之间的关系进行了系统分析。基本结论如下：2001年后，随着B股市场的开放和QFII制度的逐步实施，成交量、收益率和波动率之间的信息传递功能都显著增强；成交量对当期收益率预测能力也有了显著的增强；成交量与波动率之间的相互关系具有不对称性。尽管中国A、B股市场一体化程度2001年后有了明显的提高，但A股市场的投机性仍比B股市场严重。

国际投资者因中国经济快速成长而投资A股（作为QFII）、H股、B股等中国股票资产。已有研究从市场硬分割和软分割角度研究了A-H股和A-B股折扣率形成原因。本文则进一步从国际与国内投资者的行为差异研究不同公司间的折扣率差异。对1999-2007年的面板数据采用固定效应估计方法，发现在控制了其他因素后，折扣率和上市公司的价值变量显著负相关，这表明国际投资者更偏好价值型的中国股票资产，从而导致价值型股票的折扣率偏低。不同投资者的价值偏好差异相对信息不对称是更重要的资本市场软分割因素。

2007年9月，我国国家外汇管理局宣布将QFII投资额度增至300亿美元，这意味着未来新增进入股市的外资潜在数量将达到200亿美元。从此，我国QFII制度的发展进入了一个崭新的历史时期。但发展至今，QFII制度对东道国股市的影响仍然存在着诸多争议。本文对QFII板块市值与上证指数波动性关系、QFII板块市值与A股换手率与市盈率变动关系进行实证检验。并得出结论:QFII板块市值的增加，提高了上证指数的波动性、提高了A股的换手率。

中国股票市场在推进规范化、市场化的过程中仍旧存在着种种问题，这需要我们从股市投资者结构、政策市特征、投资者行为及其差异、全流通问题及QFII的影响等多方面入手，来正确寻找中国股市问题的症结所在，从而才能对新时期我国股票市场的运行状况有一个清醒及彻底的认识，并为市场的规范化道路扫清认识上的障碍。