There is mixed evidence of a positive relationship between the stock market risk and return. We reexamine this critical implication of asset pricing theory using fresh data from China's stock market, which is largely segmented from the rest of the global financial market. Using formal variable selection methods and a comprehensive set of predictor variables, we identify conditional market variance, scaled market prices, and inflation as crucial determinants of equity premiums. The estimated simple risk-return relationship exhibits downward omitted variable bias, which underlines the importance of considering multiple factors to explain the variation in equity premiums. We cannot wholly attribute the three-factor conditional equity premium model to data mining, as Guo, Sanni, and Yu (2022) select the same model for the U.S. stock market. These findings challenge existing asset pricing models and provide valuable guidance for future theoretical research.

This study examines factors that determine prefectural industrial policies and their impact on firm total factor productivity (TFP), utilizing a natural language processing algorithm and data from the Report on the Work of the Government in China. We find that compliance with upper-level governments is crucial in shaping prefectural industrial policies. When an industry is favored by the upper-level government, the probability of the prefectural government’s favoring that industry increases. However, prefectural policies driven by political compliance have a minimal positive impact on TFP, due to inadequate implementation of policy measures like tax deductions, preferential loans, and land price discounts.

本文以我国逐步推行的股票发行注册制度为研究场景，采用多时点双重差分模型为研究方法，考察资本市场发行制度的完善如何影响上市公司的生产效率，为资本市场基础性制度建设助力实体经济高质量发展提供经验证据。研究结果表明，资本市场注册制的推行可以提升企业全要素生产率，在采用企业TFP不同测算方法、增加行业固定效应和重新筛选数据等稳健性检验之后，上述结论依然成立。机制分析表明，注册制的实行主要通过缓解企业融资约束和促进企业研发创新作用于企业全要素生产率。进一步的异质性检验表明，注册制实行对非国有企业、制造业行业企业、东部地区企业以及行业竞争度高的企业的全要素生产率促进作用更为显著。为了提升资本市场对实体经济的服务效能，提高企业全要素生产率，要继续推动股票发行注册制走深走实，促进资本市场良性循环发展，优化要素资源配置效率、鼓励企业务实创新。

This paper exploits China’s first default of state-owned enterprises to study the implicit government guarantee’s effect on SOEs’ trade credit financing. It finds that SOEs increase trade credit by 2.3% of total liabilities, on average, relative to non-SOEs after the first SOE default in China’s bond markets in 2015. The additional reliance on suppliers’ credit is more prominent among SOEs with higher information opacity. It is consistent with the literature where trade credit advantage lies in the suppliers’ superior information, as they can observe their clients through daily transactions. The current paper also finds that trade credits positively affect SOEs when IGG weakens. Overall, the results suggest that the reduction in IGG significantly affects Chinese firms’ financing decisions, highlighting the trade credit advantage against the backdrop of imperfect market institutions.

This article develops a model in which an intermediary uses a supply chain finance (SCF) program to fund suppliers. The SCF program pools liquidity from suppliers and meanwhile provides immediate payment to suppliers with pressing liquidity needs. We show that the intermediary optimally selects not only suppliers with positive profitability but also suppliers with negative profitability who, however, contribute to the liquidity pool. Inserting the model to an otherwise standard monetary framework, we show that with higher nominal interest rates, the SCF program emphasizes the liquidity contribution more and the profitability contribution less. Deviating from the Friedman rule, where only suppliers with positive profitability are selected, may lead to welfare gains.

We estimate the financial and real effects of a subsidy program on imported capital goods recently implemented in China. We identify ffrms that have access to the subsidy program by combining data on catalogues of eligible products periodically released by the government and product-level import data. Our findings demonstrate that following the implementation of the program, eligible firms experience an increase in borrowing and gain access to loans at lower interest rates compared to non-eligible firms. This improved financial situation enables them to expand their fixed-asset investments, increase total output, and enhance their export performance. The expansion of production capacity also leads to improved investment efffciency and greater profitability. Further analysis reveals that the effects of the policy are particularly pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises and small firms in relatively competitive industries. This finding suggests that these firms face ex-ante financial constraints, and their marginal rate of return to capital is large.

在二零二三年十一月十四日的行业研究报告中，国信证券的王剑研究 员提到日韩两国在发展的后期在资本市场中以投资高技术为主的私募主权 基金逐步替代以投资传统制造业为主的银行贷款，虽然没有提到相关文献， 不过如果属实的话似乎也不失为一个值得研究的有意思问题。由此产生的 问题包括但不限于在全球经济体的发展中是否都存在这一现象?私募股权 基金与高技术产业的发展之间有什么相关性?这些可能都会成为一个有意 思问题。

We provide firm-level evidence on the real effects of shadow banking in terms of technological innovation. Firm-to-firm entrusted loans, the largest part of the shadow banking sector in China, enhance the borrowers’ innovation output. The effects are more prominent when the borrowers are subject to severer financial constraints, information asymmetry, and takeover exposures. A plausible underlying channel is capital reallocations from less productive but easy-financed lender firms to more innovative but financially less-privileged borrower firms. Our paper suggests that shadow banking helps correct bank credit misallocations and thus serves as a second-best market design in financing the real economy.

We document a speculation channel through which house market booms negatively affect entrepreneurship. To address endogeneity concerns, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in house prices generated by staggered and unintended policy spillovers in China. We find house market speculation triggered by house booms crowds out entrepreneurship. Reduced labor supply, reduced capital supply, and heightened entry costs do not appear to explain our main findings. The negative effect exhibits in the OECD countries as well. Our paper complements the well-documented collateral channel by offering novel evidence on a previously under-explored adverse consequence of house market booms – their hindrance to entrepreneurship.

This paper studies how investing in venture capital (VC) affects the entrepreneurial outcomes of individual limited partners (LPs). Using comprehensive administrative data on entrepreneurial activities and VC fundraising and investments in China, we first document that individual LPs, on average, contribute about 50% of the capital of each fund in which they participate, and over 50% of them are entrepreneurs. We then exploit an identification strategy by comparing the entrepreneurial outcomes of individual LPs in funds that eventually launched with those in funds that failed to launch. The fraction of committed capital from corporate LPs in industries that subsequently encounter poor returns is used as an instrument for funds' launch failures. We find that after investing in a successfully launched VC fund, individual LPs create significantly more ventures than do LPs in funds which failed to launch. These new ventures tend to be high-tech firms and file more patents than do the LPs' prior ventures. We find evidence consistent with venture investments being a channel through which individual LPs learn.