公开信息

  • 详情 我国债券信用评级机构真的没有专业能力吗?
    债券信用评级旨在为资本市场参与者提供真实可靠的债券违约风险信息,但我国债券信用评级虚高问题备受媒体和学界质疑。然而,评级较高并不必然意味着评级质量较差。本文将债券信用评级拆分为公开信息和私有信息两个部分,重点考察评级机构利用私有信息调整债券评级是否会影响债券信用利差,以探究我国债券信用评级机构是否真的具备专业能力。研究发现,信用评级机构利用私有信息调高(调低)评级能显著降低(抬高)债券信用利差,且以发行人所在地是否开通高铁、发行人和评级机构之间的旅行距离作为信用评级机构获取私有信息的工具变量时,该结论也依然成立。而且,评级机构利用私有信息调高评级的行为并未导致未来年度评级调低。这表明,总体上,我国债券信用评级机构具备一定的专业能力。但进一步研究发现,对于存在刚性兑付预期的债券,如国有企业发行的债券和银行间市场交易的债券,评级机构私有信息的作用会显著下降,而当债券市场的刚性兑付预期被打破后,评级机构私有信息的作用会显著提升。此外,中债资信这一“投资人付费”的信用评级机构并不具有更强的私有信息挖掘能力,但其进入评级市场后,“发行人付费”的评级机构掌握的私有信息作用会显著上升。最后,本文还利用事件研究法发现,债券信用评级调整会引起债券价格显著变化,进一步证实我国债券信用评级中的确包含了有效的私有信息。
  • 详情 Market Crowd’s Trading Behaviors, Agreement Prices, and the Implications of Trading Volume (市场群体的交易行为、认同价格以及交易量的内涵)
    It has been long that literature in financial academics focuses mainly on price and return but much less on trading volume. In the past twenty years, it has already linked both price and trading volume to economic fundamentals, and explored the behavioral implications of trading volume such as investor’s attitude toward risks, overconfidence, disagreement, and attention etc. However, what is surprising is how little we really know about trading volume. Here we show that trading volume probability represents the frequency of market crowd’s trading action in terms of behavior analysis, and test two adaptive hypotheses relevant to the volume uncertainty associated with price in China stock market. The empirical work reveals that market crowd trade a stock in efficient adaptation except for simple heuristics, gradually tend to achieve agreement on an outcome or an asset price widely on a trading day, and generate such a stationary equilibrium price very often in interaction and competition among themselves no matter whether it is highly overestimated or underestimated. This suggests that asset prices include not only a fundamental value but also private information, speculative, sentiment, attention, gamble, and entertainment values etc. Moreover, market crowd adapt to gain and loss by trading volume increase or decrease significantly in interaction with environment in any two consecutive trading days. Our results demonstrate how interaction between information and news, the trading action, and return outcomes in the three-term feedback loop produces excessive trading volume which includes various internal and external causes. Finally, we reconcile market dynamics and crowd’s trading behaviors in a unified framework by Shi’s price-volume differential equation in stock market where, we assume, investors derive a liquidity utility expressed in terms of trading wealth which is equal to the sum of a probability weighting utility and a reversal utility in reference to an outcome. JEL Classifications: G12, G02, D83 (长期以来,金融学术领域里的文献只注重价格和收益率,却较少研究交易量。在最近的二十年里,金融学术文献已经开始研究价格和交易量两者与经济基本量之间的相互关系,并且探讨交易量的行为内涵,例如投资者对风险的态度、过度自信、不同观点以及关注程度等等。然而,我们还是对交易量的认识知之甚少。本文根据行为分析,用交易量概率来表示市场群体的交易频率,并且通过我国股市来实证检验涉及交易量与价格之间不确定关系的两种适应性假说。实证结果表明:市场群体在每日交易的时间窗口内除了采用简单的经验法则之外,同时还采用有效的适应性方式来从事股票交易,并且逐步倾向于形成一个结果和认同的资产价格;无论该资产价格是否明显地被高估或低估,市场群体在相互作用和竞争的过程中往往能够形成这样一个稳态的均衡价格。这表明了资产价格不仅包含了基本价值同时还包含了非公开信息、投机、情绪、关注、赌博和娱乐等价值。此外,在任意两个连续交易日之间,市场群体在与市场环境的相互作用过程中,通过交易量的增加或减少来有效地适应盈亏。我们的研究结果说明了在由信息、交易与收益结果三项构成的反馈环中,它们之间的相互作用是如何导致了过度交易的,这其中包含了导致过度交易的各种内外因素。最后,我们假设股票市场中的投资者是通过交易财富来产生流动性效用,它等于概率加权效用与相对于结果为参照系的反转效用之和,从而推导出Shi氏价-量微分方程,将市场动力学行为与群体交易行为协调在一个统一的框架体系。)
  • 详情 Market Crowd's Trading Behaviors, Agreement Prices, and the Implications of Trading Volume (市场群体的交易行为、认同价格以及交易量的内涵)
    It has been long that literature in financial academics focuses mainly on price and return but much less on trading volume. In the past twenty years, it has already linked both price and trading volume to economic fundamentals, and explored the behavioral implications of trading volume such as investor’s attitude toward risks, overconfidence, disagreement, and attention etc. However, what is surprising is how little we really know about trading volume. Here we show that trading volume probability represents the frequency of market crowd’s trading action in terms of behavior analysis, and test two crowd’s trading behavioral hypotheses relevant to the volume uncertainty associated with price in China stock market. The empirical work reveals that market crowd trade in simple heuristics and efficient adaptation, gradually tend to achieve agreement on an outcome or an asset price widely on a trading day, and generate such a stationary equilibrium price very often in interaction among themselves no matter whether it is highly overestimated or underestimated, suggesting that asset prices include not only a fundamental value but also private information, speculative, sentiment, gamble, and entertainment values etc. In addition, market crowd adapt to gain and loss by trading volume increase or decrease significantly in interaction with environment in any two consecutive trading days. Our results demonstrate how interaction between information and news, the trading action, and return outcomes in the three-term feedback loop produces excessive trading volume which includes various internal and external causes. Finally, we reconcile market dynamics and crowd’s trading behaviors in a unified framework by Shi’s price-volume differential equation in stock market where, we assume, investors derive a liquidity utility expressed in terms of trading wealth which is equal to the sum of a probability weighting utility and a reversal utility in reference to an outcome. JEL Classifications: G12, G02, D83 (长期以来,金融学术领域里的文献只注重价格和收益率,却较少研究交易量。在最近的二十年里,金融学术文献已经开始研究价格和交易量两者与经济基本量之间的相互关系,并且探讨交易量的行为内涵,例如投资者对风险的态度、过度自信、不同观点以及关注程度等等。然而,我们还是对交易量的认识知之甚少。本文根据行为分析,用交易量概率来表示市场群体的交易频率,并且通过我国股市来实证检验交易量与价格之间不确定关系中关于群体交易行为的两个基本假说。实证结果表明:市场群体在每日交易的时间窗口内采用简单的经验法则和有效的适应方式来从事交易,并且总是逐步地倾向于形成一个结果和认同的资产价格;无论该资产价格是否明显地被高估或低估,市场群体在相互作用的过程中往往能够形成这样一个稳态的均衡价格,这表明了资产价格不仅包含基本价值同时还包含非公开信息、投机、情绪、赌博和娱乐等价值。此外,在任意两个连续交易日之间,市场群体在与市场环境的相互作用过程中,通过交易量的增加或减少来有效地适应盈亏。我们的研究结果说明了在由信息、交易与收益结果三项构成的反馈环中,它们之间的相互作用是如何导致了过度交易的,这其中包含了导致过度交易的各种内外因素。最后,我们假设股票市场中的投资者是通过交易财富来产生流动性效用,它等于概率加权效用与相对于结果为参照系的反转效用之和,从而推导出Shi氏价-量微分方程,将市场动力学行为与群体交易行为协调在一个统一的框架体系。)
  • 详情 流动性补偿、信息不对称与市场预期
    本文分别研究了在经济正常波动时期与金融危机时期,央票发行对央票交易成本 的影响。实证结论表明,央票交易成本中流动性成本显著高于信息不对称成本;在经济正常 波动期中,央票发行顺应市场预期,央票发行并未引起流动性成本和信息不对称成本的显著 变化;在金融危机时期,央票发行出乎市场预期,央票发行引起信息不对称成本显著增加, 指令流自相关系数显著降低。央票市场信息不对称成本主要来源于机构投资者对公开信息的 解读不同。
  • 详情 公开信息和私人信息的识别与中国股市的过度自信研究
    本文是对中国股票市场过度自信问题所作的实证研究。本文在投资者对公开信息和私人信息有不同反应的假设基础上,建立一个两变量向量自回归模型,着重考察了A股市场价值加权和平均加权的股票收益率和交易量对私人信息和公开信息冲击的不同反应。实证结果表明:与美国股市的情况类似,中国A股市场上投资者对公开信息反应不足,而对私人信息反应过度,并且私人信息短期内可以造成剧烈冲击,而公开信息冲击较小且不持久,投资者确实存在过度自信现象。最后,本文根据A股市场投资者过度自信的特征给出了相关政策建议。
  • 详情 中国股市“过度自信”效应的实证分析
    本文是对中国股票市场过度自信问题所作的实证研究。本文在投资者对公开信息和私人信息有不同反应的假设基础上,建立一个两变量向量自回归模型,着重考察了A股市场价值加权和平均加权的股票收益率和交易量对私人信息和公开信息冲击的不同反应。实证结果表明:与美国股市的情况类似,中国A股市场上投资者对公开信息反应不足,而对私人信息反应过度,并且私人信息短期内可以造成剧烈冲击,而公开信息冲击较小且不持久,投资者确实存在过度自信现象。最后,本文根据A股市场投资者过度自信的特征给出了相关政策建议。
  • 详情 国外内幕交易信息含量的实证研究综述
    研究内幕交易对证券市场及对不同经济人的影响,了解内幕交易在市场上的表现。由于内幕交易的实质是基于重要的非公开信息而在交易中占优的一种行为,人们直觉上认为应能够取得超常收益,因此,内幕交易能否取得异常收益成为实证研究中必须首先回答的问题,也是金融经济学研究内幕交易的起点,以此推断内幕交易的信息含量就成为必然的研究主线。本文概述了国外的研究现状以及存在的问题。