Using a sample of 501 Chinese non-financial firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2020, we find that both foreign exchange (FX) derivatives and foreign currency (FC) debt significantly reduce firms’ probability of default. We further observe that larger, non-state-owned enterprises (SOEs), Hong Kong-headquartered firms, firms operating after China’s 2015 exchange rate reform and firms under high trade policy uncertainty (TPU) are more likely to use both FX derivatives and FC debt concurrently, thereby diversifying their strategies for managing default risk. Our analysis indicates that these tools reduce firms’ default risk primarily by improving firms’ profitability, raising their likelihood of obtaining credit ratings, and increasing their use of interest rate derivatives. Importantly, we reveal that FX derivatives and FC debt act as substitutes in mitigating firms’ default risk. Notably, this substitution effect is more pronounced for larger, non-SOEs, Hong Kong-headquartered firms, firms operating after exchange rate reform and firms facing high TPU. Finally, we find that using FX derivatives significantly dampens firms’ investment, which may explain why Chinese firms tend to prefer FC debt to manage their default risk.

This article examines the rapid growth of Real-World Asset (RWA) tokenisation in Asia, focusing on Hong Kong as an emerging regional hub. It analyses three sectoral case studies in renewable energy, real estate, and financial instruments to illustrate the practical applications, market implications, and regulatory challenges of RWA projects. As of September 2025, the global RWA market reached an estimated value of $30.91 billion and is projected to grow into a trillion-dollar market within the next decade. The article highlights Asia’s proactive regulatory initiatives aimed at developing clear tokenisation standards and promoting the sustainable and responsible growth of the virtual asset sector. Supported by regulatory sandboxes and institutional participation in leading financial centres such as Hong Kong and Singapore, the region has become a focal point of innovation in asset tokenisation. Following the introduction, Section 2 reviews the latest developments in RWA as a fast-emerging area of financial and legal practice. Section 3 presents three case studies, while Section 4 provides practical guidance for asset owners and investors. Section 5 discusses key regulatory models and the overseas expansion of Chinese enterprises through digital assets tokenisation, and Section 6 concludes with implications for regulators, investors, and policymakers.

This study applies the generalized dynamic factor model (GDFM), TVPVAR-DY framework, and pattern causality to investigate spillover effect from international commodity idiosyncratic volatility co-movements to China's financial market risk, as well as the impact of a series of macroeconomic factors on such spillover effect. The empirical results indicate that the idiosyncratic volatility co-movements of energy, industrial metals, precious metals, soft commodities, and agricultural products all have significant spillover effects on China's financial market risk. The influence of commodity idiosyncratic co-movements on China’s financial market risk is relatively stable under normal economic conditions but intensifies significantly during periods of deteriorating economic fundamentals. Macroeconomic factors such as international capital flows, investor sentiment, geopolitical risks, economic conditions, and international freight rates predominantly exhibit a positive causal effect on the dynamic spillover effect.

While unintentional man-made disasters constitute the majority of man-made catastrophes, empirical evidence on their economic consequences remains scarce. Utilizing a unique dataset on extremely severe accidents (ESAs) in China and a nationally representative longitudinal household survey, we find that unintentional man-made disasters reduce individuals' willingness to take risks. We further demonstrate that the severity of official penalties following ESAs is positively correlated with both fatalities and economic losses, yet these punitive measures fail to mitigate the negative impact on risk preferences. Additionally, we find that ESAs reduce demand for riskier, high-return-oriented insurance products, though they do not diminish demand for protection-oriented, non-investment productslike health insurance. Our findings address a critical gap in the literature regarding the effects of unintentional manmade disasters on risk attitudes and insurance demand.

With the accelerating global aging population, the prevalence of cognitive impairments, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, is rising steadily, giving rise to a substantial and rapidly expanding market for memory services. This review aims to systematically examine the core development trends, driving factors, innovative service models, and challenges within the memory services market in the context of the aging economy. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the entire industry chain, spanning early screening, diagnosis, non-pharmacological interventions, long-term care, and technological support. By integrating the latest business models, policy directions, and evolving consumer demands, this article explores future development trajectories and investment potential in the memory services sector. The insights offered herein are intended to support practitioners, policymakers, and researchers engaged in this critical field by delivering an in-depth understanding of current market dynamics and emerging opportunities.

This paper examines why tax incentives fail to stimulate participation in China's third-pillar commercial pension insurance, emphasizing the role of rational inattention. Using household survey data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2014-2022 and a difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) design, we find that pilot policy generated a statistically insignificant average effect on participation, with rational inattention - proxied by financial literacy - explaining much of its ineffectiveness. We develop a dynamic consumption-portfolio model featuring costly information acquisition, and then resolve limitations of standard models through a dynamic framework with distinct savings channels and policy-focused rational inattention. The models show that rational inattention distorts perceptions of tax benefits and wage growth, raising participation costs, while multiple savings channels dilute incentives. Only households with higher financial literacy substantially respond to the policy. Our results reveal how cognitive frictions undermine pension reform and offer implications for designing behaviorally-informed retirement schemes.

随着中国人口老龄化进程的加速与深化，“银发经济”已从社会议题升维为国家战略，成为驱动经济结构转型、保障民生福祉与维护长期发展安全的关键领域。本文立足于金融学与产业经济学的交叉视角，旨在系统构建并剖析服务于中国银发经济的金融支持体系的完整逻辑。研究首先科学界定了在新时代背景下银发经济的内涵、外延与产业生态图谱，其范畴已超越传统养老，延伸至健康管理、文化娱乐、宜居环境、科技智能及财富传承等全链条。研究的核心命题在于：一个高效、包容且可持续的金融系统如何有效动员、配置与风险定价，以支撑这一庞大且异质性强的需求体系转化为现实的产业动能。 本文通过理论演绎、国际比较（深度借鉴美国、日本、德国等典型模式）与国内政策-市场案例分析，全面评估了当前中国银发经济金融支持的四大支柱——养老金金融（三支柱体系的市场化运营与资产配置）、养老服务金融（面向老年个体的信贷、保险、信托及财富管理）、养老产业金融（面向养老服务供给主体的多元化融资）以及养老金融科技（科技赋能下的服务模式革新）的发展现状与内在结构性矛盾。研究揭示，当前体系面临长期资本供给不足与产业回报周期漫长的根本矛盾、金融产品供给侧的同质化与老年群体需求侧日益增长的多元化、个性化之间的显著错配、以长期护理保险为代表的风险缓释机制严重缺失，以及政策激励碎片化、监管标准不统一等系统性挑战。 基于此，本文提出了一套旨在实现“金融-产业-社会”良性循环的系统性解决方案与创新发展路径。其核心在于：深化养老金市场化投资改革，引导巨额长期资金有序、精准注入银发产业核心领域；推动金融机构开展 “深度适老化”创新，开发契合生命周期特征的普惠型金融产品；构建 “政府引导基金+银行信贷+保险资金+社会资本” 的多层次风险共担产业融资生态；大力培育以数据驱动和场景融合为特征的养老金融科技，提升服务可得性与效率；最终通过加强顶层设计，完善涵盖法律、监管、标准与财税工具的综合政策支持生态。本研究论证，构建一个强大而敏捷的金融支持体系，是充分释放中国银发经济巨量潜能、系统性应对老龄化挑战、并最终实现经济高质量发展与全民共同富裕的金融基础设施与关键引擎。

本文立足于金融强国建设与“十五五”规划对金融工作提出的新要求，聚焦票据市场做好“五篇大文章”中的“数字金融”核心驱动力。从信息经济学、交易成本理论与金融功能观等理论视角出发，文章首先系统阐释了数字技术赋能票据市场高质量发展的深层理论逻辑，认为其通过重塑信息生产与传递机制、重构业务流程与组织形态，从根本上降低了信息不对称、提升了运营效率、创新了服务模式并强化了风险管理能力，从而为票据市场服务科技创新、绿色发展、普惠金融、养老金融和数字金融自身提供了坚实的底层技术支撑与创新范式。 随后，文章结合上海票据交易所的创新实践及国际票据市场数字化经验，全面梳理了当前数字技术在票据业务关键领域的应用图景与实践路径。具体包括：基于大数据与人工智能的智能信用评级、反欺诈与精准定价体系；依托区块链技术构建的、可实现信用穿透与拆分的供应链票据平台及应收账款数字化探索；运用物联网与卫星遥感技术实现的绿色票据环境效益可信追踪与核证机制；以及通过开放API与生态平台化建设推动的普惠金融服务高效下沉模式。这些实践共同勾勒出票据市场从“电子化”向“数字化”再向“智能化”演进的清晰路径。 然而，技术的深入应用在释放巨大效能的同时也伴生了新型风险，呈现出“赋能”与“赋险”并存的复杂面相。本文借鉴技术社会学与治理理论，重点剖析了电子化背景下票据业务面临的多维挑战：数据安全与个人/企业隐私保护的严峻性；算法模型的“黑箱”特性可能引发的公平性质疑与新型歧视；对集中化技术系统的高度依赖所演化的新型操作风险与系统性脆弱点；法律与监管框架相对于技术创新的适配性滞后问题，特别是《票据法》在面对数字票据、智能合约时的解释困境；以及可能加剧的“数字鸿沟”对金融包容性目标的潜在冲击。 最后，本文构建了一个涵盖技术伦理、协同治理、监管科技（RegTech）、法律修订与生态培育的多维度、前瞻性风险治理框架。该框架强调技术治理的内生性、监管的敏捷性、法律的包容性与生态的可持续性。在此基础上，本文提出了具体的阶段性政策建议，旨在为票据市场在安全、合规、包容的前提下，深化数字技术融合应用，全面提升服务实体经济质效，最终助力金融强国战略目标的实现提供系统的理论参考与实践指引。

贾晓雪

童艺娜