Until recently, trading in Chinese markets was fully segmented―B-shares for foreign investors and A-shares for domestic investors. The fact that B-shares trade at a discount is a puzzle, since comparable markets overwhelmingly show premiums that are easily explained by international asset pricing models. The two most common explanations for this puzzle are that domestic investors are (i) better-informed and (ii) face lower costs of liquidity. The evidence, however, is inconclusive and relies on poor proxies. Based on as of yet unused trade and quote data, we explore direct measures of both information and liquidity using a spread decomposition model. We reject the liquidity-based explanation and find considerable support for betterinformed domestic investors. This creates an empirical basis for recent equilibrium models that rely on asymmetric information to explain China’s strong growth in spite of poor property rights.

This paper detects whether seasoned equity offering (SEO) firms manage earnings in the year before a planed issue and the inducement factors of earning management. We select 106 SEO firms during 1999 to 2001 as test sample and another 106 non-SEO firms matched at calendar year, Industry and cash from operation as control sample. Using 3 three test methods, we find that firms contemplating SEO in the following year do manage earnings particularly when their relative performances are poor. And we also find firm size, CFOs and debt ratios are important inducement factors of earning management.

This study employs a non-parametric approach to investigate the volatility risk premium in the over-the-counter currency option market. Using a large database of daily quotes on delta neutral straddle in four major currencies ? the British Pound, the Euro, the Japanese Yen, and the Swiss Franc ? we find that volatility risk is priced in all four currencies across different option maturities and the volatility risk premium is negative. The volatility risk premium has a term structure where the premium decreases in maturity. We also find evidence that jump risk may be priced in the currency option market.

Abstract: China is the most important emerging market awaiting for investigation by both academics and industrials. We study the profitability of long position in winner-based threshold momentum strategies after accounting for the transaction cost. We find substantial profits (double to octuple the money every year) in daily threshold trading strategies when trading cost is not accounted. However, at very low level of trading cost, say 0.2%, all profits disappear. We employ a model that rebalance the portfolio carefully to save the transaction cost, but the trading rules still fail to profit at a reasonable level of trading cost. Thus, the momentum profits may not compete with the trading cost.

从1998年开始建立封闭式基金已有5年的时间，基金的绩效也已开始引起人们的关注。本文在前人的基础上进一步选择深沪两市共19只封闭式基金，对他们的绩效水平分别进行检验，并选取六只开放式基金的绩效水平进行比较。本文除采用传统的指数进行评估外，同时还引入了E-VaR模型。

A government policy aimed at the reduction of state shares in state-owned enterprises (SOE) triggered a crash in the Chinese stock market. The sustained depression and spillover even after the policy adjustments were over constitute a puzzle---the so called "state-share paradox". The empirical study finds evidence in two dimensions. First, a regime switching model with an absorbing state suggests that government policy switches the regime to liquidity black holes. Second, there is no evidence of flight-to-liquidity during the crash, suggesting to model the crash as an aggregate phenomenon of the whole market. To carefully match the evidence, a theoretical model is set up within the framework of market microstructure. The model shows that the Chinese stock market has distinctive features of liquidity production and price discovery. The irregularities generate an inverted-S demand curve, gives rise to potential liquidity black holes, and are key features to explain the state-share paradox. This study contributes a rational panics hypothesis to the literature. The rational panics hypothesis is neither a herding model with or without behavioral assumptions, nor a standard rational expectation model under the asymmetric information framework. It is based on homogeneous agents with incomplete information, and is consistent with the evidence of absorbing regime switching and the recent literature on state-dependent preference. Our findings have larger implications for theoretical modeling and policy design.

摘要：Fama和French（1993，1996）的因素模型比资本资产定价模型更好地描述了横截面股票收益率的变动，我们采用深市最新的股票数据（1996.01－2003.12）对Fama和French（1993，1996）的三因素模型在我国证券市场上进行了检验。在国内我们首次论证检验了三因素模型在我国证券市场是成立的，而且我们对三因素模型回归系数的稳定性和模型的预测能力进行了实证研究。我们检验了我国证券市场上是否有“新年效应”现象，得到我国证券市场的低账面市场比公司（除小规模公司）具有的“一月效应”，但显著性不是很强，m/M组合具有“二月效应”。我们的研究结果为投资组合选择、预测、决策及其业绩评价提供了一定的依据，具有理论和实际应用参考价值。 Research and Test of The three factor-factor Model in Chinese Stock Market Deng Changrong Ma Yongkai (Management College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,Sichuan 610054) Abstract: The three factor-factor Model, established by Fama and French, is considered to describe cross-sectional stock returns better than CAPM. Based on the newest 96 month stock data from 01 1996 to 12 2003, we research and test the model. We found the model is suitable for Chinese Stock Market. Then we research the coefficient stability and the forecast ability of the model. At the same time, we test the so-called ‘new-year effect’. We drew the conclusions that the m/L and b/L portfolios have the ‘January effect’ and the m/M portfolio has the ‘February effect’. Our researches have important theoretical and practical valuation, provides some condition for the selection、forecast、and decision of investment portfolios.

This paper hypothesizes that the threat of losing listing status in China’s distressed ST (specialtreatment) firms kick starts a corporate control market that does not exist otherwise. The incumbent controlling shareholder, facing the possibility of losing control right, will have to“tunnel back” the value he has extracted from the firm before to boost the distressed firm’s accounting performance. This part of value is captured by the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) surrounding ST event. We further argue that ST CARs present themselves as alternative measure of private benefits of control, distinguished from the ones used in Barclay and Holderness (1989) and Nenova (2000). Studying 66 listing companies that had become ST between 1998 and 2000 in China’s stock market, we find that the 22-month cumulative abnormal returns run as high as 29% on average. Based on a game theoretic model, we find that the control value released through the contest for corporate control right is positively related the largest shareholder’s shareholding, concentration of shares held by other largest shareholders, but negatively correlated with the firm’s leverage ratio. Our empirical evidence confirms these hypotheses.

本文从突出金融部门角度，编制了中国地区宏观金融社会核算矩阵，该项研究对于决策者和研究人员全面了解和分析地区经济状况，提供了科学的经济数据库。首先，论文从宏观经济循环角度，在分析了金融部门和地区部门的特点基础上，研究了中国地区宏观金融社会核算矩阵的结构和内容；其次，以《江苏投入产出表》(2000)和《江苏统计年鉴》为基础，结合大量调查，编制了江苏宏观金融社会核算矩阵；最后，利用跨熵(cross entropy，CE)技术，对矩阵进行了平衡处理。

Stationary-leverage-ratio models of modelling credit risk based on constant target leverage ratios cannot generate probabilities of default which replicate empirically observed default rates. This paper presents a structural model to address this problem. The main feature of the model is that a firm’s leverage ratio is mean-reverting to a time-dependent target leverage ratio. The time-dependent target leverage ratio reflects the firm’s intention of moving its initial target ratio toward a long-term target ratio over time. We derive a closed-form solution of the probability of default based on the model as a function of the firm value, liability and short term interest rate. The numerical results calculated from the solution with simple time-dependent functions of the target leverage ratios show that the model is capable of producing term structures of probabilities of default that are consistent with some empirical findings. This model could provide new insight for future research on corporate bond analysis and credit risk measurement.